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Biomedical subjects

D W Cho

Publications and source records attributed to D W Cho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

A psychiatric hospital 100 years ago: I. A comparative study of treatment outcomes then and now.

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to compare distribution of diagnoses, length of stay, and readmission rates for every 16th patient admitted to the St. Louis County Insane Asylum (now St. Louis State Hospital) between 1886 and 1904 with those for every 16th patient admitted to the hospital between 1978 and 1980. METHODS: A sample of 369 cases was drawn from the archival admission records, and 380 cases were selected from recent admissions. Descriptive data from the archival records were used to make DSM-III diagnoses. Data on length of stay and number of readmissions were collected from case records. RESULTS: The historical sample had fewer cases of major mental illness, longer mean lengths of stay, and fewer mean readmissions than the modern sample. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the clinical characteristics of the two samples may be explained by differences between the two periods in treatment philosophies, admitting policies, and presence of alternative resources for accommodating long-term chronic patients.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1988

Identifying psychiatric suicides for research purposes.

Unusual accidental deaths recorded for former public psychiatric patients during a 3-year period in Missouri were compared with data previously published on suicide and undetermined deaths. Demographic and diagnostic data suggested that undetermined deaths resemble suicides, while the remaining unusual accidents do not. For purposes of estimating incidence or prevalence, it is recommended that "undetermined deaths" might well be combined with suicides, while the remaining accidents should not.

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

The Missouri Inpatient Behavior Scale.

The Missouri Inpatient Behavior Scale (MIBS) is described, and data are presented from the Missouri automated mental health information system (N = 12,106). The factor structure for MIBS was replicated and shown to be robust. Data on intrascale consistency and interscale correlations are presented, as well as a validity study that showed MIBS to be sensitive to changes on acute-receiving services and a comparison of MIBS and NOSIE-30 scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mortality variations among public mental health patients.

Earlier studies of mortality of psychiatric patients are reviewed, and agreements and inconsistencies related to age, sex, diagnosis and cause of death are noted. The authors then analyze 5,268 deaths during a 5-year period of current or former patients in Missouri public psychiatric hospitals and mental health clinics, calculating mortality ratios that are simultaneously age-, sex-, diagnostic-, and cause-specific. The results are used to construct a quantitative model. The ratios vary most with cause, then diagnosis, least with sex. Influenza and pneumonia contribute most to patient mortality; patient death rates for cancer are lower than population rates at all ages. There are substantial interactions of diagnosis with cause and sex. Among those diagnosed organic brain syndrome, who have the highest overall ratios, the ratios are extra high for females and for influenza and pneumonia, relatively low for external causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Age group differences in depression on MMPI D scale.

Much of the work that has been done to the present in exploring age differences in the assessment of depression has utilized normally aging populations. This research has indicated that present depression scales may yield many false positives for depression because of the large number of somatic items that these scales contain. An important question is whether this same finding would hold in psychiatric populations, which are the ones most likely to be subject to diagnosis. The present study was designed to supply information in that area. The D-scale responses of the MMPI for 6,964 patients were factor-analyzed. Results indicated significant differences in the expression of depression for three age groups--20-39, 40-59 and 60+ years. A central core of items that accounted for one-half of the variances for all three groups was found. Additional items appeared across the age groups with greater to lesser significance in terms of the variance accounted for producing distinct qualitative differences. Concern over declining physical well-being was not part of the central core of depression for the older group in this psychiatric population.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Suicide rates among public mental health patients.

Age-specific suicide rates are presented, based on 207 white patients of the Missouri Department of Mental Health who were identified as having committed suicide during 1972-74. Results, divided by age, sex, diagnosis and patient status, are compared with other studies. Male inpatients are about five times more likely to commit suicide compared to the general population, while female inpatients are about 10 times more likely to do so. In both sexes, the rate is greatest for the diagnosis of major affective disorder. A history of psychiatric treatment increases the suicide risk more for women than for men, although male patients are still about twice as likely to commit suicide than are female patients. A quantitative model is presented which describes the relative influence of age, sex and diagnosis on suicide rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Symptomatology of depression in black and white patients.

This study compares the symptoms of public mental health patients diagnosed as having a depressive disorder, and then relates its findings to the previous literature concerning black-white differences in mental illness. Results of this study corroborate previous observations that a somewhat smaller proportion of black admissions than white admissions are diagnosed with a depressive disorder and that a higher proportion of black admissions are diagnosed with a schizophrenic disorder. Some black-white differences in depressive symptoms were corroborated-notably, slightly higher percentages of hostility, dangerousness, and somatic complaints in blacks-and these appeared to be independent of socio-economic status.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1981

Measuring the relationship of public psychiatric admissions to rising unemployment.

The results of a correlational analysis of the relationship between monthly state unemployment statistics and admissions to eight Missouri Department of Mental Health facilities are presented. Over a period of 100 months, readmissions, rather than new admissions, showed the strongest positive relationship to unemployment. A second study-a retrospective analysis of admissions before and after a major increase in unemployment-supported the results of the correlational analysis. A third analysis of subset of the original sample, comprised of patients unemployed at the time of admission, suggests that public facilities are more accessible to the unemployed during times of economic adversity. The findings on the relationship of readmission rates to the state of the economy have important implications for policy on deinstitutionalization. The planning, development, and evaluation of community care programs should include consideration of employment data.

Deinstitutionalization↗
PubMed1980

Patients of a public state mental health system who commit suicide.

Twelve per cent of suicides in Missouri during a 3-year period were identified as having been patients of the state mental health care system by computer matching of death certificate tapes and a statewide case registry file. The percentage of Missouri suicides who had been patients varied markedly among age groups. Compared to nonpatient suicides, the patient suicides had a more equal male/female ratio and were younger. Diagnostically, schizophrenia, alcoholism (among males), and affective disorder (among females) were prominent. Nonwhites had a low incidence of suicide. The significance of the patient status at the time of death is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of suicide and undetermined deaths in psychiatric patients.

Those people who had previously been patients of the Department of Mental Health of Missouri who died in the three year period 1972 through 1974 and whose deaths were designated as suicide or "undetermined whether purposely or accidentally inflicted," were identified by matching statewide death tapes against the DMH data base. The demographic characteristics of the two groups are compared to ascertain if the members of the undetermined group are essentially similar to the suicides, as has frequently been hypothesized. It is found that, in general, the similarities are in areas which would not have had a direct influence on the medical examiner/coroner's verdict, whereas, the differences do highlight areas which could cause an indecisive verdict. The significance of the undetermined deaths is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Profile of Mood States: the factors and their physiological correlates.

Spontaneously occurring mood states and various physiological indices were evaluated on three occasions in a group of eight healthy males. Results reveal that significant positive correlations exist among five of the six factors comprising the Profile of Mood States (POMS). This finding is related to previous research on the POMS and varied methodologies utilized in those reports. Reliable positive correlations of the POMS factors Depression and Tension with heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were obtained. The Anger factor of the POMS also correlated positively and significantly with heart rate. These findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between POMS factors and anxiety.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

Surface ultrastructure of the tegument of Clonorchis sinensis newly excysted juveniles and adult worms.

The tegumental structures of newly excysted juveniles and adult worms of Clonorchis sinensis were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After excystation the juvenile's tegumental surface is characterized by knoblike protuberances and is armed almost entirely with numerous rows of small spines encircling the body. These spines are double- or triple-pointed on the anterior portion of the body and become single-pointed posteriorly. Four types of presumed sensory structures were observed as follow: A) ciliated knoblike papillae and B) nonciliated platelike papillae, both of which are arranged in rougly a bilaterally symmetrical pattern dorsally, ventrally, and laterally; C) rounded swellings of nonciliated papillae on the lips of the ventral and oral suckers, which are characterized in the transmission electron microscope by a rounded dense body in the apical bulb; and D) a sensory receptor with a bulbous projection having the appearance of a modified cilium, which was not found with SEM likely owing to its being enclosed by an extension of the tegument. In full-grown adult worms, the tegumental surface is knobbed or lobulated in various forms without surface spines. The tegumental structures in the adults appear to be clearly differentiated from those in the juveniles. Upraised, buttonlike papillae, each topped by a short cilium, which are similar to the Type A papillae in the juveniles, are distributed thickly around the oral and ventral suckers, and are rather randomly scattered over the remainder of the body. Some nonciliated swollen papillae were found on the lip of the ventral sucker.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Accuracy of actuarial and clinical predictions for length of stay and unauthorized absence.

Multivariate-equation predictions of length of hospital stay and probability of unauthorized absence were compared with similar predictions made by clincians and actual outcome for 167 patients drawn from a random sample of admissions during a two-month period at five state hospitals. The computer proved to be about as accurate as clinicians in predicting length of stay. Neither computer nor clinician was able to usefully predict unauthorized absence because of its infrquent occurrance. Use and improvement of such actuarial predictions within the Missouri automated data base were discussed.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗