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Biomedical subjects

D W Dreesen

Publications and source records attributed to D W Dreesen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Human diploid cell rabies vaccine purified by zonal centrifugation: a controlled study of antibody response and side effects following primary and booster pre-exposure immunizations.

Systemic allergic reactions following booster immunizations have complicated rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis with the human diploid cell rabies vaccine licensed in the US (conventional HDCV). We conducted two studies comparing an HDCV purified by zonal centrifugation to conventional HDCV. In a study of primary pre-exposure immunization, volunteers received one of four regimens: three 1.0-ml intramuscular (i.m.) or 0.1-ml intradermal (i.d.) doses of conventional or purified HDCV over 28 days. Although volunteers vaccinated i.m. had significantly greater rabies neutralizing antibody titres (VNA) 49 days, 91 days and 26 months after immunization began than volunteers vaccinated i.d. (p less than 0.005-p less than 0.05), there were no significant differences between vaccines. In a study of booster immunizations, 77 volunteers immunized with conventional HDCV 2 years earlier received a 0.1-ml i.d. booster with either conventional or purified HDCV. VNA was significantly greater with the conventional HDCV on days 7 and 28 after booster, but not on day 365. A moderate or severe reaction was reported by 5 (13%) of the 40 persons who received boosters with conventional HDCV, versus none of 37 who received the purified HDCV (p = 0.03). Purified HDCV appears to be preferable to conventional HDCV for booster vaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Antibody response to preexposure human diploid-cell rabies vaccine given concurrently with chloroquine.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the antibody response of freshman veterinary students to intradermal human diploid-cell rabies vaccine administered concurrently with chloroquine, a drug frequently used for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. Fifty-one students who had not been vaccinated against rabies were enrolled: 26 received 300 mg of chloroquine base per week (the recommended dose for malaria prophylaxis); 25 did not receive chloroquine and served as controls. All subjects received 0.1 ml of rabies vaccine intradermally on days 0, 7, and 28. Chloroquine was administered weekly to the treatment group, beginning nine days before the first dose of vaccine and continuing until day 48. The mean rabies-neutralizing antibody titer for the chloroquine group was significantly lower than that for the control group on each day of testing--i.e., day 28 (P = 0.0094), day 49 (P = 0.0008), and day 105 (P = 0.0002)--although both groups had neutralizing antibody titers on days 49 and 105, according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control. The blood concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine (the major metabolite of chloroquine, which also has antimalarial properties) were negatively associated with log antibody titers. These results indicate that chloroquine taken in the dose recommended for malaria prophylaxis can reduce the antibody response to primary immunization with intradermal human diploid-cell rabies vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immune complex-like disease in 23 persons following a booster dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine.

Following a routine 0.1 ml booster dose of Merieux rabies human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), administered intradermally, 23(10.2%) of 226 persons had signs and symptoms compatible with an immune complex-like disease. The disease had its onset from 3-13 days after the injection, lasted 1-5 days, and consisted primarily of urticaria (78.3%), macular rash (65.2%), angiooedema (39.1%), and arthralgia (17.4%). None of the cases were considered severe, and all recovered with no sequelae. There were significant differences in attack rates between men (78.3% of all cases) and women, and between those receiving vaccinations on different days. Similar reactions have been reported following intramuscular booster doses of HDCV. Since the Merieux HDCV is used worldwide, physicians administering HDCV must be aware of these adverse reactions and warn patients. Appropriate therapy should be instituted as warranted by severity of reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of tissue infection and serologic findings in pigs fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

Each of thirteen 6-week-old pigs was inoculated per os with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. By postinoculation day (PID) 13, pigs were seropositive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Beginning on PID 13 and every 7 days thereafter through PID 97, 1 pig was killed and 6 tissues were examined for T gondii. Of the 13 pigs, 11 were infected, including the 1st pig killed on PID 13, although none of the pigs had gross lesions of toxoplasmosis. Tissues harboring T gondii most frequently were the heart and brain; organisms were detected less frequently in the longissimus muscles, diaphragm, and liver. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected in the bronchial lymph nodes. There was good correlation between antibody and presence of T gondii in these pigs. One additional pig, maintained as a noninfected control, remained seronegative and had no evidence of infection when killed on PID 97.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: efficacy of a new packaging and delivery system for intradermal administration of human diploid cell vaccine.

The efficacy of a newly designed syringe prepacked with human diploid cell vaccine in a sufficient quantity to deliver individual 0.1 ml doses intradermally was tested by injecting 40 veterinary students with a single dose on each of days 0, 7 and 28. A second group of 20 students received the ordinary series of three 1.0 ml intramuscular vaccine doses by needle and syringe. All participants in both groups developed neutralizing antibodies to rabies above the suggested minimum of 0.5 international units per ml by day 49. The geometric mean titres were somewhat lower in the group receiving the 0.1 ml doses compared to the group given 1.0 ml doses; however, this was considered of no clinical significance since everyone achieved a titre above the suggested minimum. There was little difficulty in reconstituting the vaccine prepacked in the lumen of the syringe and the syringe was easy to manipulate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A proposed index system for reporting rabies rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test titres.

In a trial to test the immunogenicity and the safety of a rabies human diploid vaccine it was found that the geometric mean titre (GMT) of individuals immunized with other rabies vaccines within two years of the trial was statistically significantly smaller than the GMT of individuals immunized with other rabies vaccines more than two years prior to the trial (Scheffé test, 5% level of probability). Since this result was unexpected, an unplanned analysis of the data was undertaken. Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition titres are expressed as international units per milliliter of serum (IU/ml). The IU/ml titres, based upon logarithmic calculations, are a coarse arithmetic measurement. A proposed index system for these titres smooths out this coarseness and permits meaningful statistical comparisons.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of iron administration to susceptibility of newborn pigs to enterotoxic colibacillosis.

To determine whether supplemental iron (Fe) administration to newborn pigs reared in concrete pens not only prevents anemia, but renders the pigs more susceptible to Escherichia coli-induced diarrheal disease, pigs were given a large or a small dose of Fe IM or orally before or after challenge exposure with E coli. The controls were challenge-exposed pigs not given Fe and pigs not challenge exposed (Fe-treated and nontreated groups). Although the mortality of the pigs challenge exposed with E coli and administered a large oral dose of Fe shortly after birth was greater than that of the challenge-exposed pigs given no Fe, differences in mortality were not noted between any of the groups tested when the Fe was injected IM. The Fe-treated survivors had severe diarrhea (oral Fe administration) or mild diarrhea (IM Fe administration) for longer periods than did the nontreated survivors. All challenge-exposed pigs treated with a large dose of Fe gained less weight than the nontreated pigs during the diarrheal period and for several days thereafter. Beyond this time period, the weight gain of the Fe-treated pigs was substantially greater than that of their nontreated littermates; the weight gain of the pigs given a small dose of Fe was intermediate. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values of the pigs shortly after birth and weekly thereafter revealed that within 2 weeks, both sets of values from the pigs treated with a large dose of Fe were within acceptable laboratory limits and substantially greater than the values obtained for the nontreated pigs, which were severely anemic.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of toxoplasmosis in swine: interpreting assay results and comparing with other serologic tests.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serodiagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis. The results of the ELISA were interpreted as percentage (% ELISA) and ELISA titer and were compared with results of the dye test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, and indirect hemagglutination test. The results obtained from both the % ELISA and ELISA titer directly correlated with the dye test results. The ELISA is a rapid, sensitive, and readily performed serologic test that should be ideal for examining (screening) swine for toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intradermal use of human diploid cell vaccine for preexposure rabies immunizations.

In a study involving 240 faculty, students, and staff at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 0.1 ml of a rabies human diploid cell vaccine administered intradermally on days 0, 7, and 28 induced adequate rabies antibody (greater than or equal to 0.5 IU/ml of serum) in all subjects by day 49. There were no significant differences in mean titers between groups of individuals with different rabies immunization histories by using a newly proposed index system for reporting such titers. It was shown that if there was a titer on the day the initial dose was given, it had no bearing on the titer 49 days later. Less than 1% of all the injections resulted in severe reactions, ie, muscular pain, headache, or pain at the site of injection. It was concluded that intradermal use of a low dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine will induce adequate antibody titers in persons at risk to rabies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sensitivity to avian purified protein derivative in cattle from farms having a high prevalence of swine mycobacteriosis.

On two farms in North Georgia a large percentage of the swine was infected with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex. The hypothesis that the cattle on these farms, which are maintained separately from the swine, would not be sensitive to avian purified protein derivative was rejected. It was concluded that the source of the M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex of each animal population is environmental.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Identifying biohazards in university research.

University and college biosafety programs are usually modeled after those of the National Institutes of Health, concentrating entirely on microbial agents. The University of Georgia has expanded its program to include six specific types of biohazards: 1) recombinant DNA; 2) human pathogens; 3) oncogenic viruses; 4) cell cultures; 5) venomous vertebrates and invertebrates; and 6) plant and animal pathogens and the movement into the state of non-indigenous plants and animals. Biohazard questionnaires and checklists are used to assure total involvement and efficient implementation.

Containment of Biohazards↗
PubMed1979

Leptospirosis in dogs and cats on the Island of Trinidad: West Indies.

Confirming previous observations on dog populations in other parts of the world, notably Japan, the Philippine Islands, and some countries in South America, we found that a high percentage of dogs in Trinidad are infected with organisms from many serogroups of Leptospira. Serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae were most commonly found. Ten isolates obtained from 50 kidneys from stray dogs (20% infectivity rate) were typed as portland-vere (six) and canicola (two) of the Canicola serogroup, copenhageni of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup (one), and georgia in the Hebdomadis serogroup (one). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of a serotype in the Hebdomadis serogroup being isolated from a dog. A cat isolation was identified as canicola. Serological results showed that 55% or more of stray dogs had been exposed as opposed to only 12.5% of the cats examined. Serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Hebdomadis are found most frequently in dogs, cats, mongooses, and man in Trinidad.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

A serologic survey of a population of Georgia dogs for Brucella canis and an evaluation of the slide agglutination test.

In a serologic survey of stray and pet dog populations of Georgia, serums were screened for Brucella canis antibodies, using the slide agglutination test. If results were positive, B canis antibody titers were determined, using the standard tube agglutination test. The stray dogs had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher titers than did the pet dogs. The reactor rate was 58% higher for the slide agglutination test than for the tube agglutination test. The manufacturer's evaluation of the slide agglutination test was based on a comparison of the serologic results of that test with those of the tube agglutination test, using a comparative method that permitted the results to be interpreted as 99% agreement between the 2 tests. Reevaluation of the manufacturer's data by a different method indicated that the slide agglutination test is very accurate when the results are negative (99.7% specific) but less so when the results are positive (62.5% sensitive).

Agglutination Tests↗