Laser use in endodontics.
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Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
Biomedical subjects
D W Winn
Publications and source records attributed to D W Winn.
Investigational study of the use of Er:YAG laser versus dental drill for caries removal and cavity preparation--phase I.
OBJECTIVE: We determined that the Er:YAG pulsed 2.94 micron radiation was successful in the removal of caries, cavity preparation, and etching prior to acid etching. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The laser group was compared to a control group in which the high-speed drill was employed. Parameters measured included histological evaluation of the pulp, scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology of the tooth, dye penetration studies, bond strength measurements, and rating of the laser's ability to remove caries and form the preparation. METHODS: We collectively evaluated 60 patients with 106 teeth in both the laser and control groups over a 1-year period. Teeth were treated in vivo and then extracted immediately, at 2 days, 1 month, and up to 1-year to assess pulpal healing, surface morphology, and the quality of the preparation, restoration, and pain. RESULTS: The dental laser was shown to be equal or better than the drill in the tested procedures of caries removal, cavity preparation, and etching prior to acid etching. The scanning electron microscopy revealed no microfracturing, open dentinal tubules, and effective etching with the laser having a mean of 2.7 with an optimum rating of 3. The histological testing confirmed that the pulp was not compromised using the laser with scores of theta for hemorrhage, 0.47 for hyperemia, and 0.12 for inflammation on a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 is no effect. CONCLUSIONS: The FDA has recently cleared the Er:YAG to remove all classes of caries, form the cavity preparation, and modify the enamel and dentin prior to acid etching. In this Phase I study conducted as part of the clinical trials, there were no complications and no tooth was compromised. Patients were consistently treated without anesthesia with the same or better results than the drill as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and histological studies.
Adolescent↗
Injuries in working populations: black-white differences.
BACKGROUND: Although "accidents and adverse effects" mortality is higher among Blacks than Whites, annual injury rates reported in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) are lower among Blacks. We evaluated the influence of sociodemographic risk factors on injury rates among working adults. METHODS: NHIS data from 1983 through 1987 for currently working adults were used. Methods were developed to estimate standard errors using data from different sample frames and sample sizes. RESULTS: Working Blacks had fewer reported injuries requiring medical attention or restriction of usual activities than working Whites (22.0 vs 27.0 per 100 persons per year). The difference was pronounced among younger adults in both sexes and among both poor and nonpoor. However, age, sex, and income could not completely explain racial differentials. "At-work" injury rates (36% of all injury episodes) were similar for Blacks and Whites (9.2 vs 9.9 per 100 persons per year), except low-income Blacks and Blacks in service or blue-collar occupations had nonsignificantly smaller at-work injury rates. CONCLUSION: Possible reporting biases could not be completely eliminated. However, available evidence does not rule out a true difference in injury rates by race, highlighting the complexity of understanding the etiology of injuries and, hence, developing public health programs to prevent injuries.
Accidents, Occupational↗