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Biomedical subjects

D W Young

Publications and source records attributed to D W Young.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in retinal vasculitis.

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were measured in the serum of 27 patients with retinal vasculitis, 16 with vasculitis purely isolated to the eye (RV) and 11 with vasculitis associated with a systemic inflammatory disease (RV+SID). Levels of sIL-2R were statistically significantly increased (mu 986, SD 845 U/ml, p = 0.013) only in the RV+SID group as compared to healthy controls. The highest levels being found in patients with sarcoidosis (mu 1436, SD 1083 U/ml). There was no correlation with disease activity or with systemic corticosteroid therapy. Serum sIL-2R measurements appear to be of limited use in the management of patients with retinal vasculitis, but may be of value in those patients with sarcoidosis. Longitudinal measurements with larger numbers of patients are required to confirm this. Serum sIL-2R levels were also statistically significantly increased (mu 843, SD 171 U/ml, p less than 0.0001) in 21 patients with Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis. As this is a chronic condition with mild inflammatory activity and no associated systemic disease, the explanation for this finding is unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

General medicine and ophthalmology: common interests.

A conference entitled 'General Medicine and Ophthalmology' was held at the Royal College of Physicians on 1 June, 1992. Eye diseases are frequently a manifestation of systemic conditions; it is therefore in the patient's best interest for ophthalmologists and physicians to co-operate in their management. Without such co-operation there is the risk that patients fall between stools and neither condition is adequately treated. Medical specialties in which eye conditions are particularly prominent include dermatology, endocrinology, neurology, rheumatology, and cardiovascular diseases. The advantages of joint clinics in medicine and ophthalmology were demonstrated by Professors Alex Crombie and Pat Kendall-Taylor for Graves' disease, by Mr Philip Murray and Dr David Young for uveitis, and by Professor Eva Kohner for diabetes. These included more expert assessments of patients leading to quicker and more complete diagnoses, earlier recognition of complications, and access to a wider range of investigations and treatments, opportunities for collaborative research, improved education for patients and doctors, increased patient convenience, and a stimulus for better control of factors which can worsen the disease.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1991

The antineutrophil antibody in uveitis.

Ninety eight patients with uveitis of various types were tested for the presence of the antineutrophil antibody or ANCA by an indirect immunofluorescence method. This antibody is found in patients with diseases associated with small vessel vasculitis, including Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyarteritis. Eleven true positive cases were found. A positive test was not associated with the anatomical site of the uveitis but was related to the time course of the disease. In particular single/repeated rather than nonrecurrent uveitis was associated with a positive test. Three groups of patients seem more likely to have positive tests: those with bilateral chronic posterior uveitis; a group with an anterior uveitis which is single/repeated who were younger than 46 at disease onset and had isolated eye disease; and an older group, aged 60 years or more at onset, with single/repeated uveitis and systemic features.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Family factors in failure of psychotherapy.

Family factors involved in the failure of psychotherapy for some adolescents and young adults are explored. These treatment failures are distinguished by expulsion of the therapist(s) and by reunification of the previously adversarial patient and parents. Such abrupt terminations may occur when treatment challenges the family's habitual image and understanding of the identified patient. The revolution against therapy appears to result from: (a) an intolerable threat to the family's heretofore stable delineation of the patient, along with (b) the therapist's failure to empathically engage the parents and ease their commitment to that delineation. It is shown how a parallel process can lead to failure in individual, adult psychotherapy. When therapy threatens the patient's familiar but dystonic self-image, and calls for change to a new image that is discordant with the family image of him/her, separation anxiety may precipitate a regressive flight from treatment. Clinical implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between autoantibodies to triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in the dog.

The relationship between T3 autoantibodies (T3AA) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAA) in dogs was investigated by determining the inhibitory effect of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroglobulin (Tg) on T3AA and TgAA binding activity and by determining the pattern of occurrence of the two activities in canine serum samples. Strong similarity in binding characteristics between the two activities, as one might expect if T3AA activity were merely a cross-reactivity of TgAA, was not observed. Canine T3AA activity exhibited a cross-reactivity to purified canine Tg that was intermediate between that of T3 and T4, indicating an antigenic relationship to an epitope of Tg. Average affinity constants of canine T3AA (N = 11) for T3, Tg and T4 were 1.76 x 10(10) M-1, 2.29 x 10(9) M-1, and 1.02 x 10(8) M-1, respectively. Canine TgAA activity, however, did not cross-react significantly with T3 or T4. Canine TgAA (N = 21) binding to canine Tg was not inhibited by T4 or T3 at concentrations up to 2 x 10(-4) M. Each of 23 canine serum samples containing T3AA also exhibited TgAA activity, although there was poor correlation between the magnitudes of the two activities. Neither T3AA nor TgAA activity was observed in serum samples from 16 euthyroid dogs; however, 46.7% of the samples from 15 hypothyroid dogs had detectable TgAA activity. T3AA is so rare that is was not observed in this small population of samples from hypothyroid dogs. The [125I] T3 binding in serum from hypothyroid dogs was elevated compared to that in euthyroid dogs, but was considerably lower than in samples generally designated as containing T3AA. These results suggest that T3AA found in occasional canine serum samples are due to the presence of autoantibodies recognizing a T3 containing epitope of Tg that is different from the epitopes involved in eliciting the predominant population of canine Tg autoantibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

High resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone in infants and children: a review.

Pathologic conditions involving the temporal bone in infants and children are now commonly diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). The importance of utilizing high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) with magnified, thin (1.5 mm) scans in both the axial and coronal planes is stressed in order to obtain the maximal anatomic information that is critical for proper diagnosis. A retrospective analysis of 388 cases reveals a positive diagnostic yield ranging from 65% in temporal bone trauma to 20% in clinically suspected neoplasm. Selected case reports of congenital abnormalities, inflammatory processes, traumatic lesions, and tumors will be presented. We conclude that HRCT is an excellent diagnostic modality and should be used liberally to evaluate the temporal bone in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Molecular forms of gastrin in antral mucosa of the horse.

The predominant form of gastrin in the antral mucosa of the stomach of virtually all species previously examined is the 17 amino acid peptide little gastrin (G17). This report describes the occurrence in equine antral mucosa of an immunoreactive form of gastrin with elution properties on Sephadex G-50 superfine similar to human unsulfated big gastrin (G34-I). This putative equine big gastrin was a major component of the gastrin immunoreactivity present. A second peak of activity in equine antral mucosa eluted in an identical manner to human little gastrin (hG17-I). Inhibition curves of equine big and little gastrin, with the gastrin radioimmunoassay utilized in this study, were parallel. This observation indicates that there was no spurious increase in the apparent relative amount of big gastrin due to significant differences in the RIA antibody cross-reactivity to big and little equine gastrin. The equine big gastrin peak was resolved by ion exchange chromatography into unsulfated and sulfated forms in approximately equal amounts. This data implies that posttranslational processing of gastrin in horses may differ from that of species previously studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Renal cortical scintigraphy and single proton emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in the assessment of renal defects in children.

Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) is finding greater clinical applicability in pediatric imaging. We applied the principles of SPECT imaging to renal cortical scintigraphy in the assessment of renal defects. We evaluated retrospectively 35 children who were undergoing 99mtechnetium-glucoheptonate renal cortical scintigraphy. Each child underwent planar, SPECT and pinhole imaging. Of the 35 children 9 had normal systems bilaterally and the remaining 26 had at least 1 defect in 1 or both kidneys. Over-all, we identified 29 abnormal renal units. Planar imaging identified 59% of the defects, while pinhole and SPECT imaging identified 83% of the defects. When combining any 2 studies (that is planar and pinhole, planar and SPECT or pinhole and SPECT) we were able to identify 97% of the defects, which approached but was not statistically significant at p = 0.09. When data from all 3 studies were combined 100% of the defects were identified, which was a statistically significant increase in defects noted when compared to only planar images (p = 0.016). SPECT imaging was found to be a technically feasible undertaking with conventional equipment, although its clinical applicability at this time is limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in uveitis.

The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody test has become available over the past 4 or 5 years. It is positive in a limited number of conditions whose characteristic feature is the presence of a small vessel vasculitis. These include Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyarteritis. The test was applied to 63 patients with uveitis of various types. 14 positive tests were found amongst which anterior uveitis was the most common disease present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Anti-triiodothyronine antibodies associated with hypothyroidism and lymphocytic thyroiditis in a dog.

A 5-year-old spayed Shetland Sheepdog had clinical signs consistent with hypothyroidism. Laboratory findings, including subnormal serum T4 concentration, also were suggestive of hypothyroidism; however, the apparent serum T3 concentration, as determined by a solid phase assay, was extremely high. Thyroid scintigraphy revealed ectopic radionuclide uptake in the neck and thyroid biopsy revealed lymphocytic thyroiditis. Determination of T3 autoantibody titer confirmed that the previously measured high serum T3 concentration was spuriously high because of autoantibodies to T3.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of fenbendazole administration on hematology, clinical chemistries and selected hormones in the white Pekin duck.

The effects of single i.v. and p.o. doses (5 mg/kg) of fenbendazole, were evaluated on thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, corticosterone, hematology, clinical chemistries, and serum proteins in 10 white Pekin ducks. Fenbendazole was administered i.v. (n = 5) as a 3% dimethyl sulfoxide solution and p.o. (n = 5) as a 10% commercial suspension. Serum enzyme concentrations, total protein and protein fractions, glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, sodium, and potassium were unchanged from baseline values. Serum triglycerides decreased consistently in the i.v.-treated group but remained unchanged in the p.o.-treated group. Serum chloride was consistently elevated above baseline values for both i.v.- and p.o.-treated ducks, while inorganic phosphate was consistently decreased only in the i.v.-treated group. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values generally were below baseline values. Leukocyte values varied considerably and were not significantly different from baseline values. Serum thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine values in both the i.v.- and p.o.-treated groups were not changed significantly from baseline values. Serum corticosterone values were not changed in the i.v.-treated groups but they were decreased at various times in the p.o.-treated group. Although there were some sporadic significant changes in the parameters measured versus baseline values all values remained within the physiologic limits for ducks. The safety of fenbendazole has been previously demonstrated for several species.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Postprandial serum gastrin concentrations in normal foals.

Postprandial gastrin concentrations were assayed in serum samples from a group of six foals at one day, one week, one month and three months of age. Before sampling, each foal was prevented from feeding for 2 h and was then allowed to suck for 15 mins. Blood samples were taken at the start of the meal and at 30 min intervals for the next 3 h. Feeding increased serum gastrin concentrations at one day, one week and one month, with the greatest increases detected at one day. Mean pre-feeding gastrin concentrations were 25.2 +/- 2.3 pg/ml at one day, 22.8 +/- 3.9 pg/ml at one week, 15.2 +/- 2.3 pg/ml at one month and 15.6 +/- 7.5 pg/ml at three months. Highest mean post prandial concentrations were at 60 mins on Day one (47.4 +/- 15.2 pg/ml) and one month (25.2 +/- 4.1 pg/ml) old foals. There was no apparent post prandial increase in serum gastrin concentrations in foals at three months of age. Precise reasons for changes in postprandial serum gastrin concentrations remain unknown. Factors that could be important include maturation of G cell function, alterations in gastrin metabolism and excretion, and changes in gastrointestinal motility with increasing age.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Contact stomatitis caused by toothpaste.

A clear association between the use of cinnamaldehyde containing toothpaste and inflammation of the lips, labial mucosa, and gingivae is described in a 59-year-old man. The sensitivity reaction was verified by patch testing with cinnamaldehyde.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1988

Identification of alcoholics in the workplace.

Workplace programs make the supervisor responsible for identifying alcoholics through their job performance. However, research indicates that those so identified are a small proportion of the alcoholic employed population and tend to be in the later stages of the disease. This is due in part to the relatively small number of alcoholics who demonstrate performance deterioration in the early stages. In addition, only a few members of the drinking population are responsible for the costs to the organization resulting from poor job performance. The identification rate differs for alcoholics depending on their sex and level in the organization and the supervisory style of their managers. Hiding symptoms and cover-up for others adds to the proportion remaining unidentified. While identification through performance evaluation may be considered the only legitimate procedure in the workplace, it is not in fact identifying anywhere near the estimated number of alcoholics. The administrators and researchers in the employee assistance/occupational alcoholism field will have to decide whether to try innovative procedures that will broaden the scope of traditional programs. Such procedures may include cooperating with health promotion programs and identification through genetic and familial screening. While the current model identifies those most destructive to the organization, it bypasses a significant group of employees who are currently a danger to themselves or potentially a problem for the organization.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

Improving laboratory usage: a review.

Influencing the ordering of laboratory investigations, and in particular reducing unnecessary ones, is a vital concern to many hospitals. An account of the reasons why control is necessary is presented. The different methods evaluated are reviewed, including rationing, form design, resource management (budget control), education, protocols and decision support systems, incentives, feedback and case note appraisal. Methods of controlling the requesting of investigations are likely to be ineffective unless they take place in the correct environment. Elements of this include correct attitude and commitment by senior staff, a long term strategy, and different approaches for different groups of doctors.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗