Biomedical subjects

D W Ziegler

Publications and source records attributed to D W Ziegler.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Guillain-Barre syndrome following vaccination in the National Influenza Immunization Program, United States, 1976--1977.

Because of an increase in the number of reports of Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) following A/New Jersey influenza vaccination, the National Influenza Immunization Program was suspended December 16, 1976 and nationwide surveillance for GBS was begun. This surveillance uncovered a total of 1098 patients with onset of GBS from October 1, 1976, to January 31, 1977, from all 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. A total of 532 patients had recently received an A/New Jersey influenza vaccination prior to their onset of GBS (vaccinated cases), and 15 patients received a vaccination after their onset of GBS. Five hundred forty-three patients had not been recently vaccinated with A/New Jersey influenza vaccine and the vaccination status for 8 was unknown. Epidemiologic evidence indicated that many cases of GBS were related to vaccination. When compared to the unvaccinated population, the vaccinated population had a significantly elevated attack rate in every adult age group. The estimated attributable risk of vaccine-related GBS in the adult population was just under one case per 100,000 vaccinations. The period of increased risk was concentrated primarily within the 5-week period after vaccination, although it lasted for approximately 9 or 10 weeks.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Comparison of rabies humoral antibody titers in rabbits and humans by indirect radioimmunoassay, rapid-fluorescent-focus-inhibition technique, and indirect fluorescent-antibody assay.

Rabies humoral antibodies were induced in eight New Zealand rabbits by a single intramuscular injection of inactivated suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine. The primary response to immunization was measured in blood samples taken at selected intervals for 6 months. The anamnestic response was measured in blood samples obtained 2 weeks after the rabbits received a booster immunization. The humoral antibody concentrations were measured by the rapid-fluorescent-focus-inhibition technique (RFFIT), indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA), and indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA). The maximal neutralizing antibody titers as measured by RFFIT were attained by the 4th week and persisted into the 24th week. After booster immunization the antibody response was almost 10-fold higher than the highest level attained in the primary response. The antibody levels as measured by IFA and RIA were similar, but the titers as measured by either procedure were almost 10-fold lower than those determined by RFFIT. After booster immunizations the antibody levels, as measured by IFA and RIA, were three- and sixfold higher, respectively, than the maximal levels attained in the primary response. Twenty-two human serum specimens were tested by the same serological procedures, with disparate results. Both RIA and RFFIT effectively differentiated antirabies-positive sera from antirabies-negative sera.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Solid-phase competitive-binding radioimmunoassay for detecting antibody to the M antigen of histoplasmin.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was designed and compared with complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests for their relative ability to detect antibodies in sera of histoplasmosis patients. M antigen, purified from histoplasmin, was fixed to microtiter wells as the solid phase, and specific rabbit 125I-labeled anti-M globulin was the source of indicator antibodies. The optimal concentrations for the competitive-binding assay were 1.6 ng per well for M antigen and 650 ng per well for the 125I-labeled anti-M globulin. A panel of sera from 29 histoplasmosis patients and from patients with other mycoses was screened for RIA activity and in complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests that used histoplasmin and Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-form antigens. The sera of 22 histoplasmosis patients reacted in the RIA, 21 in the complement fixation, and 16 in the immunodiffusion tests. Sera of patients with other mycotic infections did not react in the RIA, with the exception of those of one blastomycosis patient and one candidiasis patient. The RIA could be modified to quantitate M antigen; as little as 125 pg could be detected. The evaluation of this panel of histoplasmosis patients' sera showed that the RIA was about equivalent in sensitivity to the complement fixation test. Some advantages of the RIA over the complement fixation test were that RIA was less prone to cross-reactions and gave better quantitation of low-titered sera. The RIA was a 1-day test, was not hindered by the anti-complementary activity of some sera, and could be modified to quantitate minute amounts of M antigen.

Antibodies, Fungal↗

PubMed1977

Differentiation of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia antisera by radioimmunoassay.

Poxvirus antisera adsorbed with "homologous" and "heterologous" poxvirus-infected chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) were differentiated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Mixtures of the antiserum dilutions and infected CAM were added directly (without centrifugation) to poxvirus-infected CAM antigens affixed to wells of microtitration plates. The affixed antigens combined with unadsorbed antibodies, and the cross-reactive antigen-antibody complexes were removed by washing. The results showed that adsorption of an antiserum with variola-, vaccinia-, or uninfected-CAM antigen and subsequent reaction of each in RIA with monkeypox- and uninfected-CAM antigens allowed the identification of antivariola, antivaccinia, or antimonkeypox sera.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1976

Cytomegalovirus specific IgM and IgG response in humans studied by radioimmunoassay.

An indirect solid phase micro-radioimmunoassay (RIA) was adapted for the measurement of anti-cytomegalovirus class-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen (Ag) was added to the wells of microtiter plates and desiccated onto the bottom surface of the wells. Serial dilution of human CMV antisera were added and allowed to react with the Ag. The amount of viral antibody (Ab) was determined by measuring the specific binding of 125I-labeled goat anti-human IgG (125I-AHIgG) and/or IgM (125I-AHIgM). The multiple factors which influence the test were determined. Serial samples of sera from CMV-positive patients showed progressive increases in Ab titers on the basis of specific binding of 125I-AHIgG. The titers of IgM class anti-CMV Ab were also determined with the same sera, and enhancement of the titers was demonstrated when the incubation periods of the first Ag-Ab reaction were extended from 1 to 3 hr. The competition between the different Ig classes of Ab for CMV Ag and the involvement of rheumatoid factor (RF) were investigated. The anti-CMV IgG that may compete with the IgM determination was removed by adsorption of sera with Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan 1). The RF that would cause false anti-CMV IgM results was adsorbed with glutaraldehyde-insolubilized IgG. Our results indicate that this RIA is a practical, specific, and reproducible technique for detection of specific IgG and IgM Ab to CMV.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1975

Detection by radioimmunoassay of antibodies in human smallpox patients and vaccinees.

A radioimmunoassay procedure was developed for determining smallpox and vaccinia antibodies in human sera. The test detected and measured both primary and secondary immune responses in persons infected with variola virus or vaccinia virus. The antibody titers obtained by complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, plaque reduction neutralization, and radioimmunoassay methods were compared. In sequential serum specimens, the radioimmunoassay test indicated fourfold or greater increases in all of the smallpox patients and in six of eight vaccinated persons. Both the complement fixation and the hemagglutination inhibition tests were less effective. In persons who had been vaccinated, radioimmunoassay and plaque reduction neutralization tests appeared to measure the same immune response. However, in smallpox patients the immune response was readily detected by radioimmunoassay, whereas an immune response was not detected by the plaque reduction neutralization test when vaccinia virus was the antigen in the test system. Radioimmunoassay is an operationally simple procedure which provides objective and quantitative end-point titers in serological determinations.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1975

Radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in human infectious mononucleosis serum specimens.

A rapid microradioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was adapted for quantitatively measuring antibody titers to antigens occurring in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoid cells. In these experiments two EBV-infected cell lines, HR1K and EB-3, were used as antigen-positive cells and Molt-4 was used as the negative control cells. The antibody titers of sera from suspected infectious mononucleosis patients were compared by RIA and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) methods. As determined by each of the methods, 14 of 19 sera had positive antibody titers and the remainder of the sera had negative antibody titers. Thus, the two methods agreed completely in differentiating sera with antibodies to EBV antigens. To further evaluate the antibody specificity of the RIA, the antibody titers of paired sera, pre- or early infection and postinfection, from five confirmed infectious mononucleosis patients were determined by RIA and IFA. Seroconversion was demonstrated by both RIA and IFA for each of the patients. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the two procedures are about the same.

Antibodies, Viral↗