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D Warfield

Publications and source records attributed to D Warfield.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of antigen assay and reverse transcriptase assay for detecting human immunodeficiency virus in culture.

We compared an antigen capture assay (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) with a reverse transcriptase assay to identify and quantify human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in culture. In direct comparisons of serial dilutions of lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1, the antigen assay was 100-fold more sensitive than the reverse transcriptase assay in detecting the virus. The antigen assay reacted strongly with 60 different HIV isolates but did not cross-react with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus type 5, or poliovirus type 1 or with extracts from four different control human cell lines and eight different phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal human lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from 50 individuals were evaluated by both the antigen assay and the reverse transcriptase assay. The cells from the 34 seropositive individuals were all positive by the antigen assay (range, 3 to 9 days; average time, 5.9 days) and the reverse transcriptase assay (range, 7 to 16 days; average time, 9.6 days). Cells from the 16 seronegative individuals were negative by both assays. These results indicate that the antigen assay is an important addition to the monitoring of HIV production in the lymphocytes of infected patients.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1986

The safety of the hepatitis B vaccine. Inactivation of the AIDS virus during routine vaccine manufacture.

In the United States, one hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax-B) has been licensed for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infections. Even though this vaccine has been shown to be highly effective and well tolerated in controlled trials and has been recommended for use in those at risk for acquiring infection by hepatitis B virus, many individuals have been reluctant to be immunized for fear of contracting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study, we demonstrate that each of the three inactivation steps used in the manufacture of Heptavax-B independently will inactivate the infectivity of high-titered preparations of the AIDS virus; recipients of the hepatitis B vaccine do not develop antibodies to the AIDS virus; the hepatitis B vaccine does not contain detectable levels of nucleic acids related to the AIDS virus. These observations clearly demonstrate that vaccination with the currently available hepatitis B vaccine poses no demonstrable risk for acquiring AIDS.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Virologic studies of HTLV-III/LAV in pregnancy: case report of a woman with AIDS.

The number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women is increasing. As of December 30, 1985, 1075 cases in women had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control; 81% of these cases occurred in women of childbearing age (15 to 45 years). The human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) can be transmitted from mothers to their infants. Described is a woman with transfusion-acquired AIDS who was six weeks' pregnant at the time Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed. Despite the fact that HTLV III/LAV was isolated from her peripheral lymphocytes throughout pregnancy, transmission of the virus to her infant or husband does not appear to have occurred.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

LAV/HTLV III presence in peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive young hemophiliacs.

Recent studies indicate a high prevalence of seropositivity to the lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human T-lymphotropic virus (type III) among individuals with hemophilia exposed to clotting factor concentrates prepared from large donor pools. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of 19 young seropositive patients with inherited bleeding disorders were examined for the presence of this virus by coculture with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Viral isolates were obtained from six of 19 patients. While none of these patients have developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex, five of them had lymphadenopathy in two noncontiguous areas, and two showed clinically symptomatic enlarged tonsils and adenoids. Of the 13 patients in whom virus was not demonstrated, five were judged clinically normal and five had mild lymphadenopathy in one anatomical area. These results suggest that as many as 33% of hemophiliacs (six of 19 patients studied), who have circulating antibodies to mature viral proteins, have viral-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes capable of infecting other lymphocytes in vitro.

Adolescent↗