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Biomedical subjects

D Weishaupt

Publications and source records attributed to D Weishaupt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Contrast-enhanced MR angiography for differentiation between perigastric and submucosal gastric fundal varices].

PURPOSE: To evaluate contrast-enhanced MR angiography for the distinction between perigastric and submucosal fundal varices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen consecutive patients with clinically suspected fundal varices underwent contrast-enhanced MR angiography and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) within one week. Diagnostic confidence for the detection of perigastric and submucosal fundal varices was compared between MR angiography (two radiologists) and EUS (one gastroenterologist), and the agreement of size and location was evaluated. RESULTS: Both MR angiography and EUS detected perigastric varices in all 19 patients and submucosal fundal varices in 14 of the 19 patients. The interobserver reliability of MR angiography was good for measuring the variceal diameter (kappa = 0.76) and excellent for localizing the varices (kappa = 1.0). EUS and MR angiography agreed in 12 of 14 patients (86 %) in determining variceal diameter and location. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography is comparable to endoscopic ultrasound in the detection and characterization of gastric fundal varices.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Wartenberg's Sign of Ulnar Nerve Lesion. A Contribution to Pathophysiology and to the Differential Diagnosis].

The abduction stance of the small finger is frequently, but not necessarily due to ulnar nerve paresis. Five cases suffering from bothersome permanent abduction of the small finger and referred under the diagnosis of ulnar nerve paresis are presented. Clinical, electrodiagnostic and imaging evaluation revealed different causes. While partial paresis with the function of the abductor digiti minimi muscle preserved usually results in a disturbing abduction stance, complete paresis of the ulnar nerve causes a less severe abduction posture of the small finger. Operative measures are indicated when the stance of the small finger is disturbing and when sufficient time has passed to make sure that spontaneous recovery cannot be presumed. Clinical, electrodiagnostic and imaging evaluation of three neurogenic cases disclosed a lesion of the ramus profundus distal to the branches innervating hypothenar muscles in one case, ulnar nerve injury with neuromuscular hyperactivity of the abductor digiti minimi muscle following split repair in another case and syringomyelia in the third case. Two patients revealed an abduction posture of the little finger of non-neurogenic origin. One of them showed closed ligament injuries. The other patient revealed necrosis, scarring and contracture of hypothenar muscles and atrophy of the third palmar interosseous muscle following compression in a tight cast.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Detection of submucosal gastric fundal varices with multi-detector row CT angiography.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The diagnosis of submucosal fundal varices is challenging. Currently, endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are considered most useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate if multi-detector row CT (MDCT) angiography contributes to the diagnosis of submucosal fundal varices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty two patients with endoscopically suspected fundal varices were prospectively included in the study. All patients underwent EUS and MDCT angiography. Levels of agreement between EUS and MDCT angiography for the detection of submucosal and perigastric fundal varices were evaluated by three blinded independent readers. In addition, variceal size and location, as well as afferent and efferent vessels of the submucosal varices, were determined. RESULTS: Good or excellent image quality of MDCT angiography was obtained in 21/22 patients (95%). Based on EUS, submucosal varices were detected in 16 of 22 patients (73%) and perigastric varices in 22/22 patients (100%). Using MDCT angiography, the presence of submucosal varices was confirmed in all of these 16 patients by all three readers. Perigastric varices were also confirmed in all 22 patients by all three readers. In addition, all three readers noted the presence of a submucosal varix in an additional patient which was not detected on initial EUS. MDCT angiography showed an excellent interobserver reliability with regard to variceal diameter (kappa=0.90) and variceal location (kappa=0.94). Based on MDCT angiography, afferent and efferent vessels of submucosal varices included the left gastric vein in 11 (65%), the posterior/short gastric veins in 15 (88%), gastrorenal shunts in 10 (59%), the left inferior phrenic vein in six (35%), and the left pericardiophrenic vein in six (35%) of 17 patients. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT angiography is equivalent to EUS in terms of detection and characterisation of fundal varices, in particular with regard to the distinction between submucosal and perigastric fundal varices.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

MRI of the foot and ankle: prevalence and distribution of occult and palpable ganglia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and anatomic distribution of occult and palpable ganglia of the foot and ankle as seen by MRI. Within a 7-year period MRI of the ankle was performed on 2813 patients, and MRI of the foot on 2277 patients using a 1.5T magnet. In all, 167 ganglia in 155 patients were detected. MR images of these patients were reviewed retrospectively by two observers with regard to prevalence, imaging characteristics, and exact anatomic location of ganglia. Clinical findings and (when available) surgical reports were also reviewed. One hundred fifty-seven ganglia in 145 patients were present on MR images of the ankle, and 10 ganglia in 10 patients on MR images of the foot, resulting in a prevalence of 5.6% (157/2813) in the ankle, and a prevalence of 0.4% (10/2277) in the foot. The most common location was the tarsal sinus or tarsal canal (57/167 ganglia [34.1%]). However, only four of these (7%) were palpable as a soft-tissue mass. The second most common location was around the Lisfranc joint (23/167 [13.8%]), of which 11/23 [47.8%] were clinically palpable. Palpable ganglia were statistically larger in size than occult ganglia measured in any of three diameters (P = 0.01-0.002). In addition, ganglia of the foot and ankle represented 42% of all clinically suspected soft-tissue masses. Ganglia in the foot and ankle are an infrequent finding on routine MRI of the foot and ankle. When they occur, these ganglia are most frequently located in the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal, where they are occult to clinical palpation. If ganglia are clinically palpable, they are most commonly located around the Lisfranc joint. In addition, palpable ganglia are larger than occult ganglia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Utility of MR arthrography in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis.

OBJECTIVE: Arthrographically, adhesive capsulitis is characterized by decreased joint volume; histologically, the capsule and synovium are thickened. We therefore compared using MR arthrography the joint volumes and capsule/synovial thickness of patients with and without adhesive capsulitis in order to assess the utility of MR arthrography in diagnosing adhesive capsulitis. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The 1.5 T MR arthrography images of 28 subjects with (n=9) and without (n=19) adhesive capsulitis were compared. Adhesive capsulitis was diagnosed when there was an injected glenohumeral joint volume of less than 10 ml. Two masked observers working in consensus assessed the images for the relative amount of fluid in the biceps tendon sheath and axillary recess, corrugation at the margin of the capsule, capsule/synovial thickness, abnormalities of the rotator interval capsule, and for the presence of a cuff tear. RESULTS: There was a trend towards differences in capsular and synovial thickness (P>0.07) between the subjects with and without adhesive capsulitis; however, the controls had thicker synovium/capsules. Surprisingly, the amount of fluid in the axillary recess and biceps tendon sheath was not significantly different between the groups (P>0.25). There were more tears of the rotator cuff in controls than in patients with adhesive capsulitis (6, 3 vs 1, 1: complete, partial). Also, both corrugation (7 vs 0) and interval abnormalities (7 vs 0) were more common in the controls. CONCLUSION: There appear to be no useful MR arthrographic signs of adhesive capsulitis. Capsular/synovial thickness, static fluid volume, and the presence of corrugation are inconclusive as MR arthrographic signs for distinguishing shoulders with adhesive capsulitis from those without.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Partial tears of the distal biceps tendon: MR appearance and associated clinical findings.

PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance and associated clinical findings of partial distal biceps tendon tears. DESIGN: Twenty elbow MR images at 1.5 T, performed over a 7 year period, were reviewed for an appearance of partial tears in the distal biceps. These images were assessed by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the extent of: (a) abnormal signal intensity within the tendon, and the presence of (b) bicipitoradial bursitis, and (c) bony microavulsive injury of the radial tuberosity. Medical records for nine of the 20 cases were reviewed for the clinical findings of ecchymosis, trauma, sensation of a "pop", loss of function, and acuity of onset. RESULTS: Twenty partial distal biceps tendon tears were seen. All displayed an abnormally increased signal in the distal biceps tendon. Three of 20 (15%) showed a 25% to 50% tear, ten of 20 (50%) showed a 50% tear, and seven of 20 (35%) showed a 75% to 90% tear. Bicipitoradial bursitis was seen in 11 of 20 (55%) cases. Bony microavulsive injury of the radial tuberosity was observed in 10 of 20 (50%). Of the nine cases reviewed for associated clinical findings, surprisingly, only three (33%) experienced an acute traumatic episode with an abrupt onset of pain. An insidious onset was reported in four of nine (44%). Sensation of a "pop" was recorded in only two of nine (22%) cases. Ecchymosis and loss of function were not seen in any of the cases. Finally, surgical conformation was obtained for three cases. CONCLUSION: Partial distal biceps tendon tears have a characteristic MR appearance, demonstrate little functional deficit, and may be attritional in their etiology due to the observation of a low number of patients reporting trauma or an acute onset.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

MR arthrographic variability of the arthroscopically normal glenoid labrum: qualitative and quantitative assessment.

The purpose of this study was to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the MR arthrographic variability of the arthroscopically normal glenoid labrum. Form and signal abnormalities of arthroscopically normal labral parts were analyzed on axial and coronal MR arthrograms of 55 consecutive patients (mean age 43.8 years, age range 21-76 years) referred mainly for suspected rotator cuff lesions. Length and width of the labrum were measured. One hundred twenty-one of 241 (50%) arthroscopically normal labral parts demonstrated normal (low) signal intensity and normal form on MR arthrograms. Increased linear or globular signal intensity was present in 74 of 241 (31%) normal labral parts, deformed or fragmented labra in 28 (12%), complete separation of the labrum from the glenoid in 4 (2%), a cleft in 5 (2%), attenuation in 4 (2%), and complete absence in 5 (2%), respectively. The mean size of the normal labrum varied between 3.8 x 3.3 mm at the subscapularis bursa level (anteriorly) and 6.1 x 5.6 mm at the inferior portion of the glenoid (anteriorly). The size was not significantly different between arthroscopically normal and abnormal labral parts (p = 0.13-0.83). Since the MR appearance of the arthroscopically normal glenoid labrum varies considerably concerning signal intensity, form, and size, only major tears or detachments of the labrum should be diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Indirect MR arthrography of the knee: effects of low-intensity ultrasound on the diffusion rate of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA in healthy volunteers.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether application of low-intensity ultrasound may increase the diffusion rate of intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) and increase the amount of joint fluid on indirect magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography. METHODS: Conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and power Doppler ultrasonography were performed before and after application of therapeutic, pulsed low-intensity ultrasound in 12 asymptomatic knees of 12 volunteers. Intra-articular diffusion of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA as measured by signal intensity differences of the intra-articular joint fluid before and after ultrasound treatment was assessed. In addition, the amount of joint fluid was rated, and differences in synovial blood flow as evidenced by power Doppler ultrasonography were noted. RESULTS: All volunteers tolerated well the application of therapeutic low-intensity ultrasound. A significant increase in intra-articular diffusion of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA was noted in all knees, and an increase in joint fluid was noted in 8 of 12 knees (66.6%). Detection of power Doppler flow signal in the synovium of the suprapatellar recess was possible in one instance at posttreatment exam. CONCLUSIONS: Use of pulsed, therapeutic low-intensity ultrasound may increase the diffusion rate of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA and may induce joint effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

PET-CT-guided percutaneous puncture of an infected cyst in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: case report.

An infected cyst in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was identified with a combined positron emission tomographic (PET) and computed tomographic (CT) system, an experimental setup mimicking an integrated CT-PET scanner. Image fusion of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET and CT images allowed exact localization of the infected cyst among many cysts identified on previous CT and magnetic resonance images. Confirmation was obtained instantly, followed by CT-guided percutaneous puncture. Integrated imaging systems hold promise for direct PET-guided puncture of areas of increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by using the anatomic accuracy of CT.

Escherichia coli Infections↗
PubMed2001

Painful Lumbar Disk Derangement: Relevance of Endplate Abnormalities at MR Imaging.

PURPOSE: To investigate the predictive value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of abnormalities of the lumbar intervertebral disks, particularly with adjacent endplate changes, to predict symptomatic disk derangement, with discography as the standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients aged 28-50 years with chronic low back pain and without radicular leg pain underwent prospective clinical examination and sagittal T1- and T2-weighted and transverse T2-weighted MR imaging. Subsequently, patients underwent lumbar discography with a pain provocation test (116 disks). MR images were evaluated for disk degeneration, a high-signal-intensity zone, and endplate abnormalities. Results of pain provocation at discography were rated independently of the image findings as concordant or as nonconcordant or painless. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to assess the clinical relevance of MR abnormalities. RESULTS: Normal disks on MR images were generally not painful at provocative discography (NPV, 98%). Disk degeneration (sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 59%; PPV, 63%) and a high-signal-intensity zone (sensitivity, 27%; specificity, 85%; PPV, 56%) were not helpful in the identification of symptomatic disk derangement. When only moderate and severe type I and type II endplate abnormalities were considered abnormal, all injected disks caused concordant pain with provocation (sensitivity, 38%; specificity, 100%; PPV, 100%). CONCLUSION: Moderate and severe endplate abnormalities appear be useful in the prediction of painful disk derangement in patients with symptomatic low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography in patients with aortic occlusion (Leriche syndrome).

The diagnostic utility of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (3D MRA) was retrospectively evaluated in 24 patients with Leriche syndrome. 3D MRA was performed either of the abdomen alone (n = 6), the abdomen and chest (n = 2), the abdomen and lower extremities (n = 12), or of all stations (n = 4). MRA image sets were evaluated regarding the location of the aortic occlusion, the presence of concomitant occlusive disease affecting the renal and visceral arteries, the type and extent of collateralization, and the level of the most proximal graftable arterial segments. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography was available for correlation in two patients, while surgical correlation was possible in 14 patients. MRA permitted classification of the level of aortic occlusion as juxtarenal (n = 8), infrarenal, and cranial to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA; n = 11), and infrarenal but caudad to the IMA (n = 5). Extraanatomical grafts were displayed to similar advantage as collateral parietal and visceral pathways. Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA thus appears to be well suited for assessment of patients with suspected Leriche syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

TE-switched double-contrast enhanced visualization of vascular system and instruments for MR-guided interventions.

A visualization principle for MR-guided vascular interventions based on the concerted use of two contrast agents is introduced. The first contrast agent, consisting of small paramagnetic iron oxide particles, was administered intravenously to shorten T(1), and even more so T *(2), of the blood for extended time periods. The second agent, a monomeric gadolinium complex, was added to a solution in an interventional device, such as a percutaneous-transluminal-angioplasty (PTA) balloon, to reduce T(1) with only minor additional effects on T *(2). With appropriate T(1)- and T *(2)-weighting the vascular tree (TE <3 ms) and the device (TE > or =8 ms) could be selectively imaged (TR <20 ms). Potentially, both images could be simultaneously updated in the subsecond range. Whereas a visualization of thin structures like guidewires was found to require pulse-sequence optimization, a successful visualization of a PTA balloon in a swine aorta in vivo was possible with standard sequences.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2000

Posterior glenoid rim deficiency in recurrent (atraumatic) posterior shoulder instability.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the shape of the posterior glenoid rim in patients with recurrent (atraumatic) posterior instability. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: CT examinations of 15 shoulders with recurrent (atraumatic) posterior instability were reviewed in masked fashion with regard to abnormalities of the glenoid shape, specifically of its posterior rim. The glenoid version was also assessed. The findings were compared with the findings in 15 shoulders with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and 15 shoulders without instability. For all patients, surgical correlation was available. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 15 (93%) shoulders with recurrent (atraumatic) posterior shoulder instability had a deficiency of the posteroinferior glenoid rim. In patients with recurrent anterior instability or stable shoulders such deficiencies were less common (60% and 73%, respectively). The craniocaudal length of the deficiencies was largest in patients with posterior instability. When a posteroinferior deficiency with a craniocaudal length of 12 mm or more was defined as abnormal, sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing recurrent (atraumatic) posterior instability were 86.7% and 83.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in glenoid version between shoulders with posterior instability and stable shoulders (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Recurrent (atraumatic) posterior shoulder instability should be considered in patients with a bony deficiency of the posteroinferior glenoid rim with a craniocaudal length of more than 12 mm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MRI using an intravascular contrast agent for detection of traumatic intra-abdominal hemorrhage and abdominal parenchymal injuries: an experimental study.

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of 3D MRI in conjunction with an intravascular contrast agent to spiral contrast-enhanced CT, regarding the detection of abdominal parenchymal injuries as well as peritoneal hemorrhage in an animal model. Liver and kidney injuries were created surgically in six female pigs under general anesthesia. All pigs underwent contrast-enhanced spiral CT and 3D MR imaging following administration of an intravascular contrast agent (NC100150 Injection). Two readers rated their confidence independently on MR and CT data sets using a five-point scale for the presence of organ injury and hemoperitoneum. Autopsy findings served as standard of reference. Sensitivity and specificity for MR in detecting hepatic and renal injuries as well as hemoperitoneum was 100%. Computed tomography was less accurate with sensitivity and specificity values of 90 and 94%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed a higher confidence when interpretation was based on MR images. In an animal model 3D MR imaging in conjunction with an intravascular contrast agent proved highly accurate in detecting and localizing parenchymal injuries to the upper abdomen as well as in detecting intraperitoneal blood collections.

Abdominal Injuries↗