[Commemorative calendar of neuroscience for 1988].
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Chronology as Topic↗
Biomedical subjects
D Wendler
Publications and source records attributed to D Wendler.
[Niels Stensen (1638-1686)].
The paper reminds of the great Danish anatomist, geologist, and bishop Niels Stensen (1638-1686) whose 300th anniversary of his death was in 1986. In anatomy his name is linked especially with the parotideous duct (Ductus Stenonianus) which was discovered by him in 1660.
Anatomy↗
[Caspar Bauhin (1560-1624)].
The paper describes the life and scientific work of Caspar Bauhin, whose 425th anniversary of his birth is in 1985. He is well-known in anatomy and botany and some species of plants are called after him. In anatomy his name is linked with the ileocaecal valve, though he apparently did not discover it. Especially Bauhin was engaged in improvement of anatomical and botanical nomenclature.
Anatomy↗
[Nathanael Highmore (1613-1685) and the maxillary sinus].
The paper presents some details of the life and work of Nathanael Highmore (1613-1685) whose name is connected with the discovery of the maxillary sinus (1651) though the first descriptions and drawings are known from Leonardo Da Vinci (1489).
Anatomy↗
[Topography of the infratemporal fossa in the newborn infant].
We compared in our investigations the shape and extent of the infratemporal fossa in newborn, children, and adult specimen. By macroscopical preparation we watched the course of the branches of the mandibular nerve and the maxillary artery and their relations to the masticatory muscles. For identifying of arterial and venous blood vessels the external carotid artery was injected with black ink. In the newborn a fibrous membrane was found coating the internal aspect of the mandibular ramus. The membrane is absent in adults.
Blood Vessels↗
[Accessory mandibular canals in the human].
Besides the persisting mandibular canal accessory ducts pass through the bony lower jaw in fetuses and children. 2 of the ducts are more constant than others. They are named according to the first authors canals of Serres and Robinson. By histological and macroscopical methods and by X-ray technique we studied these ducts during development in human fetuses and children and counted their occurrence in the adult.
Adolescent↗
[The course of the inferior alveolar nerve and artery in newborns as they enter the mandibular canal in relation to the accessory mandibular canals].
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Humans↗
[Application of terms of probability theory in embryology and teratology].
The aim of the paper was to show that accurate morphological statements can be made with the help of simple concepts of the theory of probability. Binomial distribution was used to find out whether the number of male and female births in large families was random or whether a particular disposition to boys/girls was to be assumed. It was found that the relation was random as a rule. A second question was that of the connection between a number of simultaneous variations and deformities. After the injection of trypan blue, combined deformities were studies in rats and found to be independent of each other, i.e. all had been directly caused by trypan blue.
Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid↗
[Wilhelm His Senior--the life and work of the important Leipzig morphologist].
The paper describes the life, work and personality of Wilhelm His, the prominent morphologist who taught at Leipzig University between 1872 and 1904. It therefore contains details from the history of medicine in the second half of the last century. Mention is made of the character features which made the work of Wilhelm His so successful and brought him worldwide recognition--a ceaseless thirst for knowledge, enormous diligence and an unwavering love of truth.
Anatomy↗
[Teratogenicity by trypan red (author's transl)].
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Lathyrogen-induced damage of the circulatory and skeletal system of the rat.
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Segmental renal autotransplantation in a patient with a single kidney affected by arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm.
A 24 year old man with severe renovascular hypertension was diagnosed as having an arteriovenous malformation of the left kidney with an aneurysm of the renal artery 12 years after right nephrectomy. Surgical reconstruction proved unsuccessful, but subsequent autotransplantation of the lower segment of the kidney 18 hours later saved the patient. He made an excellent recovery and is now normotensive and able to lead a normal life.
Adult↗
[Teratogenic damage of the central nervous system during progressing embryogenesis].
The long-term development of the CNS and its fundamental processes represent the basis of the high sensitivity of neural structures also during postnatal phases of development. Successive teratological rows of the CNS can be produced by application of different teratogenic substances at different times of development. Different teratogenic agents produce different malformations at the same day of development. Each teratogenic substance cause agent specific effects. Histological methods reveal the changing sensitivity of neural structures after application of special teratogenic agents at different times of development.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
The state and future requirements of teratogenic testing.
The results obtained in various laboratories are compared with the authors experiences in the field of experimental teratology. From these findings some conclusions are derived to support teratological test programmes. Some basic requirements of embryotoxicity tests are also formulated.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
[Cyclophosphamide-induced pathohistological events in the fetal rat (author's transl)].
The paper describes pathohistological events after damaging of fetal blastemas by the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide in the rat. Fetuses were investigated at 24 hours intervals after application of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg body weight) on day 15 p. c. to detect the time of injury and reparation. During the first 24 hours heavy degenerations are seen in the central nervous system. Especially, dorsal parts of brain regions (alar plate derivatives) and certain mesenchymal structures (skin of the trunk, eye lids, auricle, mesenchyme of touch hairs) are affected. Moreover, 48 hours after damaging repairing processes are parallel to necrobiotic events. Resorption of necrotic cell detritus takes place by fetal macrophages and the primitive cerebral liquor. After 72 hours only repairing processes are to be seen. Structural defects in certain brain regions and in mesenchymal parts of the body (skin, palatal processes, eye lids, auricle) are the final results of cell injury and determine the typical malformation syndrome in the rat.
Animals↗
[Aminoacetonitrile and fetogenesis of the rat. II. Malformations of organ systems (author's transl)].
We investigated the action of the lathyrogenic compound aminoacetonitrile (300 mg/kg body weight) on fetogenesis of the Wistar rat. In a 1st section we dealt with influence on the outer body shape and common reproductive parameters (WENDLER and coworkers 1980). This 2nd section describes toxic effects on internal organs and malformations on organ systems detected by free-hand razor blade technique. Especially, we observed cardial ectopia, rupture of the ascendant aorta, situs inversus, hydrocephalia, hydronephroses, and dystopic kidneys. Enlargement of heart atria, and main thoracic veins, dilatations of salivary gland ducts and bronchial tree are considered to be nonspecific toxic effects of aminoacetonitrile.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
[Aminoacetonitrile and fetogenesis of the rat. III. Malformations of the osseous skeleton (author's transl)].
The paper describes disturbances of ossification and malformations of the osseous skeleton of rat fetuses after application of 300 mg aminoacetonitrile/kg body weight during fetogenesis (days 15--19). Malformations are inducible at all days proved: Single doses of the lathyrogenic agent (intraperitoneally applicated) produce severe scoliosis, bending of extremities, wristdrop of the fore paws, shortening of the lower jaw, cleft palate and distorsion of the ribs. This paper is a continuation of 2 preceding parts dealing with general parameters of reproduction and gross anomalies after application of aminoacetonitrile, and disturbances of internal organ systems.
Acetonitriles↗
[Aminoacetonitrile and fetogenesis of the rat. I. Fetal toxicity and gross malformations (author's transl)].
We investigated the influence of the lathyrogenic compound aminoacetonitrile (AAN) on fetogenesis of the rat. In late pregnancy AAN induces nonspecific toxic effects resulting in hemorrhages, edema, disturbance of weight development, and severe interaction with viability. In fetogenesis AAN induces malformation rates of 100% by contrast with the developmental stages of blastogenesis and embryogenesis. Furthermore, the present paper deals with gross anomalies after application of AAN in fetogenesis. We observed: disturbances of outer body shape, micrognathia, wrist-drop, malrotation of hind extremities, kinked tails, humpback, cardial ectopia. The paper will consist of 4 parts dealng with anomalies of organ systems, skeletal abnormalities, the mechanisms of action of lathyrogenic compounds.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗