[Various eye manifestations in malformations of the corpus callosum. (Corpus callosum dysplasia without deficiency)].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D Wenzel
Publications and source records attributed to D Wenzel.
[Septo-optical dysplasia: oligosymptomatic form (author's transl)].
It is reported on a nine year old boy with the oligosymptomatic form of the septo-optical dysplasia de Morsier: congenital nystagmus with nearly complete loss of visus due to a hypoplasia of the opticus-nerve of both sides, growth retardation (dwarfism) because of STH-deficiency and lack of the gonadotropins. The septum pellucidum is present. The cause of this embryologic malformation within the prosencephalon is not known.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
[Different patterns of latent pulmonary hypertension under physical exercise and their clinical significance].
The investigations pointed out that responses of the pulmonary hemodynamic in patients with COLD on physical exercises are highly different from those in normal subjects. The findings of pulmonary circulation on pink puffers (type A) and blue bloaters (type B) are differing in a specific manner. The lowest capacity of load is observed in patients of type A. Patients with clinical signs of type B show under exercise conditions the ability to approach their physical load capacity rather to that of normal persons. The features of prognosis, therapy and rehabilitation in the different patterns of pulmonary heart disease are discussed.
Cardiac Volume↗
[Thoracoscopic lung biopsy (author's transl)].
The authors start from the fact that till now was a declining attitude in face of the thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Under local anaesthesia any air embolism were happened with it. Moreover there was no optimal instrument for thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Beginning with pressure measurements of the intrathoracic cavity systems the authors research the conditions which can result in air embolism. They found that air embolism is excluded only by unilateral ventilation of the non-biopsied lung of the patient via a channel of Carlens' double-lumen catheter. The other channel of the cathetaer which is connected with the thoracoscopically biopsied lung must be aggreed with the atmosphere in the same way as the pleural space via the open thoracoscope tube. Further it was developed the suction punch, a special instrument for thoracoscopic lung biopsy. In this instrument the proceedings of catch and detache the tissue from the parenchyma are divided contrarily to the forcepslike devices. With this new instrument 63 patients were examined. The thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed under general anaesthesia with side-separated ventilation through Carlens' catheter. The histologically verified diagnostic yielded was 89 per cent. There aren't serious complications.
Biopsy↗
[Convulsions and the blood-brain barrier].
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Adolescent↗
[Bronchoselective beta stimulators and corticoid aerosols in the treatment of asthma].
In the treatment of the obstructive ventilation disturbance in bronchial asthma the beta 2-receptor stimulants and the inhalable corticoids best proved. With the help of own clinical experiences and studies of literature Arubendol, Salbutamol, Berotec, Auxiloson and Beclomethason are described and it is reported on their bronchospasmolytic qualities as well as their protective effect against repeated acetylcholin and allergen irritation, respectively. They all distinguish themselves by a selective effect on the bronchial system and in therapeutic doses they guarantee the absence of systemic side effects. Though with Arubendol a secure beta 2-receptor stimulants with a good protective effect against acetylcholin and allergen irritation is at our disposal, the application of Berotec and of in inhalable corticoid would be an effective enrichment of our antiasthmatic remedies.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Tonic cervical influences on forelimb and hindlimb monosynaptic reflexes.
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Animals↗
[Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the local immune response in the course of meningitis in childhood].
The condition of the blood-CSF barrier can be evaluated by the simultaneous quantitation of marker proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration ratios of albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, plotted versus the hydrodynamic radii are used as permeability parameter. There are wide ranging barrier disturbances during the early stages of meningitis. In mumps meningitis only slight disturbances were found, meanwhile in bacterial meningitis the barrier permeability was strongly increased. In both disease groups one may detect secretory fractions of both immunglobulins G and A. In some cases of mumps meningitis a prolonged humoral immune reaction was found.
Age Factors↗
[Evaluation of blood-liquor barrier by protein gradients in congenital hydrocephalus in infancy].
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Age Factors↗
Forelimb reflexes modulated by tonic neck positions in cats.
The modulation of monosynaptic forelimb reflexes by tonic neck positions was investigated in cats with the head fixed. Lateral flexion of the body in a horizontal plane markedly facilitates reflexes of the deep radial nerve (DR) in the ipsilateral forelimb, while the antagonistic ulnar nerve (ULN) reflexes are strongly inhibited. Opposite effects are seen after contralaternal body movement. Dorsiflexion of the body clearly increases DR-reflexes and exerts a reciprocal although more pronounced inhibition on ULN reflexes. Opposite effects appear after ventriflexion. The reflex modulation starts with head-body displacements of approximately 5 degrees and increases with increasing angles. Furthermore reflex modulation does not depend on the intact cerebrum and cerebellum. The comparison of forelimb and hindlimb reflexes shows a decrease of the neck influences along the spinal cord.
Animals↗
The development of the parachute reaction: a visuo-vestibular response.
The development of the parachute reaction as a postural response has been tested under various optic stimuli in normal and statomotorically retarded infants. Complete reaction consists in symmetric extension of the arms with extension and spreading of the fingers on quick approach to visual surface. Using a glass plate with three different sized stimulus patterns the parachute response is scored as complete or incomplete. The complete reaction to large visual surface develops significantly earlier than to small visual surface. The response also requires simultaneously a visual and a vestibular sensory input. The developmental course of the parachute reaction is statistically significant linear correlated in double logarithmic transformation to the stimulus pattern and to the age indicating a complex biological maturating process. When the whole retinal area was stimulated by moving visual scenes similar to normal environmental conditions the reaction starts with about 4 months of age and is fully developed from 9 months onwards. The time of quickest development is around 6.3 months of age, a period where locomotor abilities shift from horizontal postiion to active verticalisation of the body. In statomotorically retarded infants the response develops significantly later according to their active motor behaviour. Brain integration and computing centers of sensory afferent input could be multilevel from reticular formation to cerebral cortex, wherein the latter, probable the parietal lobe should play the major role. It is concluded that the parachute reaction results from a combined visuovestibular mechanism of interaction in connection with sufficient kinesthetic experience in visuo-motor behaviour.
Age Factors↗
[Clinical course of congenital toxoplasmosis in dicygotic twins (author's transl)].
The presented case report deals with the clinical course of a congenital toxoplasmosis in dicygotic twins. The variability of the clinical course was proofed, because one of the twins remained unaffected with clinical signs and was detected only by the conversion of the seroreactions. On the other hand the second twin showed the picture of an acute meningoencephalitis resulting in a neurological defect syndrome. The reasons for the different clinical course, which is more pronounced in dicygotic twins than monocygotic, remain unknown.
Diseases in Twins↗
Modulation of hindlimb reflexes by tonic neck positions in cats.
In cats with the head fixed in a stereotactic frame a slight facilitation of the gastrocnemiussoleus (GS) monosynaptic reflexes in the ipsilateral hindlimb, accompanied by an inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex of the antagnostic deep peroneal nerve (DP), occurs following lateral flexion and rotation around the body axis at an angle of 25 degrees. Following dorsiflexion of the body a moderate inhibition of the extensor reflexes (GS) up to 10% and a reciprocal slight excitation in the same range of the monosynaptic reflexes of flexor muscles (DP) is recorded. On the other hand after ventriflexion of the body there is a marked inhibition in the range of 50% of all the monosynaptic extensor and flexor reflexes for all the stimulus intensities used. This inhibition can already be demonstrated in ventriflexion of 10 degrees-15 degrees. All these patterns of reflex modulation are similar in cortically intact, ischemically decorticated and precollicularly decerebrated cats. Furthermore these patterns are not essentially influenced by cerebellectomy, although all reflex amplitudes are reduced. However, the spinal reflexes can not be modulated by these body movements after acute spinalization.
Afferent Pathways↗
Selective deprivation of sleep in pycnoleptic children. Effects of deprivation of slow-wave and REM sleep on the frequency and duration of petit mal attacks.
1. Selective deprivation of slow-wave and paradoxical sleep was performed in 10 children with pycnoleptic attacks (8 of them before anticonvulsive treatment, 2 of them while under medication). The frequency and duration of petit mal attacks were intraindividually compared during night sleep and after waking for a 5-h period. 2. After deprivation of slow-wave sleep with reduction of EEG stages 3 and 4 to about one-third of the baseline but normal duration of sleep, petit mal attacks are more frequent and long-lasting than after normal sleep or selective deprivation of REM sleep. 3. Although total sleep time is significantly diminished after selective deprivation of paradoxical sleep the frequency of attacks during the waking state was lower than after normal sleep and deprivation of slow wave sleep. This observation shows a clear i nfluence of the quality of sleep on the frequency of epileptic attacks. 4. During sleep petit mal seizures were mainly found during stages 2 and paradoxical sleep. Single spike and irregular spike were discharges, however, occurred more frequently during slow-wave sleep. Their frequency was not significantly different in the deprivation conditions. 5. In contrast to experimental data in animals, REM deprivation is less provoking to epileptic attacks outside sleep than deprivation of stages 3 and 4 sleep. Therefore a sufficient amount of slow-wave should be preserved for pycnoleptic children.
Child↗
The comparison of small-size rectangle and checkerboard stimulation for the evaluation of delayed visual evoked responses in patients suspected of multiple sclerosis.
The use of foveal small-size rectangle stimulation to elicit visual evoked responses was compared with VERs elicited by the standard checkerboard pattern. Foveal stimulation achieved a significantly better discrimination of optic nerve lesions in the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Sources of misdiagnosis due to different neurological disorders are discussed.
Adolescent↗
[Visual stabilization of free stance in infants: a sign of maturity (author's transl)].
The development of the visual contribution to postural stabilization has been tested using a large visual display rotating around the stationary subject's line of sight. This, in the adult, causes a marked optokinetic postural reaction with a shift of the body center of gravity toward the direction of pattern motion. Scalings of the reactions in children between 6 months and 16 years revealed three phases of development: (1) 6--12-month-old-babies show none or very little optokinetic disturbance of their newly acquired ability to sit. With the development of upright stance and gait, optokinetic influences become increasingly important. (2) Children between the age of 2--5 show a marked dependence of postural stability on vision. In them, the disturbing optokinetic stimulus leads to a marked ipsilateral postural deviation or irresistible fall. (3) From 5 to 15 years of age, visual effects on postural balance slowly decrease to their final strength in adulthood--moderate head and body tilt--in response to the rotating stimulus. It is concluded that the optokinetic loop participates rather late in the multisensory process of postural stabilization. The calibration of the three main loops, visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive, seems to be sequential and mutually interactive. Optimal functioning requires the continuous evaluation of the reafferent sensory consequences of self-generated body movements. Optokinetic destabilization of stance requires the maturity of opto-vestibulo-spinal pathways. Its clinical applicability as a maturity test, however, sofar seems limited.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical ergometry in cardio-pulmonary functional disorders--a comparison of the usual ergometric technics].
It is reported on the results of a comparative examination of 18 patients with two usual ergometric methods (team pathophysiology of respiration and research group diseases of heart and circulation of the GDR). Referred to the intake of oxygen as a measure for the stress of the cardiorespiratory system by means of the ergometric methods recommended by the research group diseases of heart and circulation significantly higher minute volumes of the heart rate were established. Principal differences in the evidence of the two methods did not appear.
Adolescent↗
The development of the blood-CSF barrier after birth.
The serum/CSF concentration ratio of alpha-2-macroglobulin is used as parameter to follow the development of the blood-CSF barrier throughout childhood. The decline of the protein permeability within the first year of life has all characteristics of a maturation process. The tightening of the barrier is thought to be the last stage of a continuous developmental process of capillaries. It is accompanied by a compositional shift in favour of small molecular serum proteins.
Adolescent↗