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D Wilhelms

Publications and source records attributed to D Wilhelms.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Soft tissue infections in oral, maxillofacial, and plastic surgery. Bacterial spectra and antibiotics].

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue infections in the maxillofacial region are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli but also by members of the genera Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, respectively. METHODS: In a prospective study 96 patients with severe maxillofacial non-odontogenic postoperative soft tissue infections were analyzed with regard to the bacterial spectrum and resistance patterns against antibiotics. The dominating bacteria were Streptococci (25% of the isolates) and Staphylococci (24% of the isolates). In addition, members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in approximately 10% of the cases. The most frequent anaerobes found were as follows: Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella and Fusobacterium. RESULTS: The resistance rates against antibiotics found were: penicillin G 36%, ampicillin 42%, and doxycycline 36%. In addition, the resistance rate against erythromycin and clindamycin was 26% and 7%, respectively. No resistant strains were detected against vancomycin and teicoplanin. All anaerobes showed a low antimicrobial resistance as previously described for odontogenic infections. CONCLUSION: In summary, soft tissue infections in the maxillofacial region present a different spectrum of bacteria in contrast to the well-investigated odontogenic infections. Antibiotic administration should be, whenever possible, performed after differentiation of involved strains and resistogram. The most promising antibiotics are imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin as well as cefotiam. Modern fluoroquinolones will be the antibiotics of the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Bacterial spectra and antibiotics in odontogenic infections. Renaissance of the penicillins?].

BACKGROUND: The role played by odontogenic infection in dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgery is not to be underestimated even at the present time. An extensive, standardized, prospective study was performed with the intention of verifying the bacterial spectrum of odontogenic infections to evaluate antibiotic sensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacterial spectra and resistograms of 65 patients with an odontogenic infection were analyzed in a prospective study under standardized conditions for specimen collection and transport. RESULTS: A total of 226 bacterial strains were analyzed. The ratio between anaerobes and aerobes was approximately 2:1. The most frequent aerobes were members of the genera Streptococcus (46 isolates), Staphylococcus (10 isolates), and Neisseria (9 isolates), respectively. The anaerobic gram-positive spectrum was dominated by members of the genera Eubacterium (19 isolates), Peptostreptococcus (16 isolates), and Actinomyces (12 isolates). The most frequently isolated gram-negative anaerobes were Prevotella (46 isolates), and Fusobacterium (21 isolates). The overall resistance to antibiotics was very low: only 7.3% of all bacteria were resistant to penicillin G/V, and 8.8% showed resistance to ampicillin. The resistance rates to other beta-lactam antibiotics were 4.4% to piperacillin and 0.6% to imipenem, respectively. Penicillin G presented the highest antimicrobial activity among aerobes: only 4.5% of anaerobic strains were resistant of penicillin G. The other resistance rates of anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics were as follows: ampicillin 24%, doxycycline 34%, erythromycin 18%, and clindamycin 9.3%. Penicillin G was also highly antimicrobially active to anaerobes. The resistance rates were: penicillin G 8.1%, ampicillin 2.6%, doxycycline 9.2%, erythromycin 10.2%, and clindamycin 1.4%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Antimicrobial decontamination of corneal donor material: infection prevention and quality assurance].

BACKGROUND: Microbiological examinations in eye banks have found an increased contamination rate in preservation media. We studied the effect of prolonged submersion time for decontaminating donor globes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the primary contamination of conjunctival smears in 76 cornea donors. The submersion time of donor eyes in PVP iodine solution before preparation was prolonged from 1 min to 5 min, and the contamination rate of storage vessels was compared. RESULTS: In 13 of the 76 conjunctival smears we found no contamination. Before prolonging submersion time, the preservation medium was contaminated in 15 cases, but after 5 min no contamination was observed. CONCLUSION: Prolonging the submersion time of donor globes from 1 to 5 min was effective. The model presented here provides guidelines for existing eye banks as well as for those yet to be established.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1996

Serotyping of 80 strains from the WHO multicentre international typing study of Listeria monocytogenes.

Serotyping was carried out on 80 coded strains, distribute to all laboratories taking part in the WHO L. monocytogenes multicenter subtyping study. All six laboratories used the method recommended by their coordinator. All 80 strains were typeable. There was complete agreement between the six laboratories on 49 (61.3%) strains (21 serovar 1/2a and 28 serovar 4b strains) which in turn were identical to the expected serovars, known only after decoding. The intralaboratory reproducibility carried out on 11 duplicate strains, ranged from 82 to 100%, with a medium value of 91%. Reproducibility of serotyping L. monocytogenes strains according to serovar varied from 33.3 to 100% for serotypes 3b and 1/2a, respectively, with serovar 4b (x) being incorrectly identified in all six laboratories. Serotyping of L. monocytogenes is easy and simple and is a useful prerequisite for other finer and more discriminatory typing methods. Problems may however, be encountered mainly with the flagellar antigenic factors. There is a need, therefore, for preparing antisera of good quality from which efficient antigenic factors can be obtained.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

WHO study on subtyping Listeria monocytogenes: results of phage-typing.

A multi-centered study on phage typing of Listeria monocytogenes was carried out using 80 cultures sent under code and tested in six different laboratories. Phage typing was performed using an international phage set in five laboratories and phage sets unique to two laboratories. Testing of cultures sent in duplicate showed similar levels of reproducibility to that previously reported. Analysis of results from groups of epidemiologically related cultures showed a high level of agreement in all laboratories. Patterns of phage susceptibility were relatively stable on retesting strains in the same laboratory after long periods of time. However, there was limited comparability between results obtained from testing the same cultures using the same phages in different laboratories. It is recommended that the phages in the international set be reviewed, and that better inter-laboratory reproducibility may be achieved by standardisation of phage suspensions, propagation strains and methodology, together with the use of centrally propagated phages.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1996

[Perioperative conjunctival flora].

BACKGROUND: The conjunctival flora is of great interest for each case of intraocular operation preventing postoperative infections. Despite of negative cultures before the operation we investigated in a prospective randomized study perioperatively the bacterial situation of the conjunctiva in 105 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We took conjunctival swabs for microbiological examination from patient's eye operated on cataract or glaucoma, on the day of admission to the eye clinic and in the morning of the operating day. In addition, specimens were taken by nurses with Transwab MW-172 P before the local anaesthesia, disinfection of the conjunctiva and lids and application of eye drops, after these procedures by a research worker, at the end of the operation by the surgeon and two to three days after the operation by nurses with Transwab MW-172 P again. In 53 patients we collected lacrimal fluid to measure the lysozyme concentration. RESULTS: Out of 686 conjunctival swabs we have found 126 (18.4%) positive cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence (109 = 86.5%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7 = 5.5%). Only in 28 eyes all conjunctival swabs, taken at different times, were negative. There was an increase of positive cultures from routine swabs on the day of admission from 13 (12.4%), to 33 (31.7%) in the swabs taken on the day of the operation in the morning. On the other side the positive cultures decreased then continuously before and after the preparation of the operation, at the end of the operation and during two to three days postoperatively. There was'nt any statistical correlation between the concentration of the lacrimal lysozyme and the rate of positive cultures. CONCLUSION: The preoperative bacteriological diagnostic of the conjunctiva is important mainly for the prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis despite the transience and fluctuation of the conjunctival flora but also in case of endophthalmitis for rapid specific antibiotical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of leflunomide on the course of listeriosis in mice. Short communication.

The intensity of an infection with Listeria monocytogenes depends on the immunological stab1p4f the body. Impairment of the specific or unspecific defence can lead to severe and partly fatal complications such as meningitis or septicaemia. In a normal defence situation affected individuals are often not diagnosed because the infection appears as an unspecific indisposition. The new immunomodulator leflunomide (n-(4-trifluoro-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carboxamide, CAS 75706-12-6, HWA 486) acts mainly as immunosuppressive. Therefore, the influence of leflunomide was investigated on the number of spleen bacteria in the first phase and on the lethality in both phases of mouse listeriosis. The infected mice were either in a normal defence state or in an immunocompromised situation, which was produced by injection of cyclophosphamide or by dextran sulfate. A treatment with leflunomide, 20 mg/kg i.p., twice daily over a period of 3 days, caused no change of the lethality compared with control mice. Likewise, combined administration of leflunomide and ampicillin produced no alteration of the lethal outcomes in comparison with the ampicillin medication alone, the latter being highly effective in any case. However, the number of spleen bacteria was significantly higher in the group with combined treatment than in the ampicillin group. In summary, the treatment with leflunomide most likely will cause no additional risk regarding an infection such as listeriosis, although in the case of an infection an increased care should be given to diagnostic and therapy.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of tonometry and nasolacrimal duct irrigation on bacterial flora of the conjunctiva].

This study was undertaken to assess the influence of preoperative ophthalmological examinations on the microbial flora of the conjunctiva. For this purpose, 112 patients awaiting ocular surgery were included in the study. Conjunctival swabs for microbiological investigation were taken by nurses on the day of admission. In addition, specimens were taken before an ophthalmological examination, after applanation and impression tonometry, after irrigation of the lacrimal duct and 2 h after the end of all examinations. A last swab was taken preoperatively. Comparison of the microbiological results of the first two specimens only showed an agreement in 53% of the cases. The increase after tonometry and irrigation of the lacrimal duct in the number of swabs that were positive was not permanent. Swabs that were primarily germ-free and those that were mostly contaminated also showed strong bacterial fluctuation. Based on the present results, there is no strong evidence that the microorganisms found at the preoperative examinations correlate with a higher risk of postoperative infection. Disinfection of the conjunctival sac and the application of antibiotic drops are necessary on the day before the operation and immediately before it.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Listeria abortions in cattle--bacteriology, serology and epizootiology].

Listeria abortions were established in foetuses of cattle in 1.2% of the cases investigated in the Erfurt region and 1.8% in the Cottbus region from 1984 to 1989. The isolated strains have been found biochemically to be L. monocytogenes. The serological discrimination revealed a majority of serovar O I, II. Typing by phages of a part of isolated strains showed a clear predominance of code number 000 124 by the 1/2 a isolate (corresponds to O I, II). This type of phages seems to have a epizootiological importance. Listeria abortions were found in (a lot of 63) flocks in the Erfurt region. Nevertheless there were almost no accumulations of listeria abortions and listeria encephalitis at the same time in the analysed flocks.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the occurrence of Listeria in Cheese].

Various outbreaks of Listeria registered in the USA and Europe after eating cheese were the motive to investigate different cheese sorts of the GDR-production on the occurrence of Listeria species. Out of 100 samples of different cheese brands 11 curdled milk cheeses (11%) showed Listeria innocua, an nonpathogenic Listeria species.

Cheese↗