PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Witzke

Publications and source records attributed to D Witzke.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Survey of undergraduate emergency medical education in the United States.

To determine the status of undergraduate education in emergency medicine, questionnaires were sent to 141 medical schools. Of the 135 schools responding, 15.2% require emergency medicine courses in the fourth year (mean, 164 hours); 11.9% require these courses (average, 84 hours) in the third year. Emergency medicine is offered in 21.8% of second-year and 37.9% of first-year curriculums. Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation is offered in 96% of the schools responding, and certification is required in 53%. Training in advanced cardiac life support is offered in 73% of schools, with 23% requiring it for graduation. Training in advanced trauma life support is offered in 17.2% of schools. Osteopathic schools require more time for emergency medicine in the clinical years but less time in formal lectures. Schools with a residency program in emergency medicine more frequently offer emergency medicine in the preclinical years. This survey provides some basic data on the status of undergraduate emergency medicine education in medical school curriculums, and it encourages medical educators to review the undergraduate curriculum to ensure that students receive adequate exposure to the essentials of emergency medicine.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

Core content survey of undergraduate education in emergency medicine.

One hundred forty-one medical schools were surveyed to determine the emergency medicine core content topics and skills being taught in the curricula. Responses were obtained from 96 schools through two mailings and a telephone followup. Most topics surveyed were offered in the vast majority of medical schools (greater than 92%) with the exception of emergency medical services (offered in 79% of schools). Emergency medicine topics were a required part of the curriculum in a much smaller percentage of schools. No subtopics in toxicology, ophthalmologic emergencies, or emergency medical services were required in more than 30% of schools. The survey showed a similar pattern of these skills being offered in most schools, but required in a smaller number. For example, while C-spine immobilization is taught in 90% of schools, it is required in only 46%. Educators must consider a coherent, interdisciplinary knowledge base and skills list for their medical school curricula.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1986

An analysis of Part II of the National Board of Medical Examiners Test with regard to questions in emergency medicine.

We conducted a study to determine the number of items and successful response rate to questions specific to emergency medicine on the National Board of Medical Examiners Test, Part II (NBME-II). The 1979 and 1983 NBME-II examinations were reviewed by a subcommittee of the Society of Teachers of Emergency Medicine. Items pertaining directly to the core content knowledge base were selected and classified by core content topic and NBME subspecialty. Overall, 14.7% of the 892 items on the 1983 examination pertained to emergency medicine. The successful response rate was 73.3% for the emergency medicine questions. When looked at by sub-specialty categories, the percentage of items pertaining to emergency medicine varied from 1.3% in obstetrics/gynecology to 27.2% of the items in surgery. On the 1979 examination, 13.8% of the questions pertained to emergency medicine, with a successful response rate of 67.1%. Analysis of the data by core content topic showed that some areas (orientation to emergency medicine, ophthalmologic diseases, environmental emergencies, and behavioral emergencies) had two items or fewer on both examinations. Other topics, such as trauma, showed a consistent pattern of questions on both examinations. Our study emphasizes the difficulty of attempting to test competency in the clinical knowledge base of medicine within the artificiality of knowledge base departmental boundaries.

Certification↗
PubMed1985

Parental response to perinatal death. Mother-father differences.

Depression and social interaction of mothers and fathers following a perinatal loss were studied using the questionnaire responses of 58 married couples. In the first six weeks following their loss, differences observed in responses of mothers and fathers are most apparent. During this time, mothers have more depressive symptoms, more often would like others to open a conversation with them about the baby, and are more likely to find their spouse helpful. At a mean of 25 months after the death, mothers' and fathers' differences with respect to depression become less apparent. However, fathers with more depressive symptomatology have increasing needs for social interaction and do not perceive that their marriage has grown stronger. Maternal depression has no correlation with perceptions of marital strength. Family counseling should reflect the possible variations in timing of the grief reaction and potential capabilities of parents to be supportive of one another.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1984

A multifactorial pregnancy outcome index.

In the present study pregnancy outcome is defined as a combination of seven relatively independent factors. Outcome scores were assigned to each subject on the basis of the number of pregnancy and labor-related factors that were satisfied. An outcome index of seven indicated an excellent outcome, and an index value of zero indicated the poorest outcome. Clinical data for 821 subjects, including a selected sample of 102 high-risk patients, were recorded using the Hollister Record System forms. The contribution of each of these factors to the overall outcome was estimated by statistical analysis of all data from the 821 subjects. Validation of this multifactor index of pregnancy outcome was obtained by correlation analysis with established factors such as the number of previous term pregnancies, live births, abortions, and present preexisting risk factors. In addition, retrospective analyses relating pregnancy outcome index with maternal serum unconjugated estriol, zinc, and copper obtained from 102 high-risk patients, revealed that copper level at all third trimester gestations was systematically and significantly related to outcome level while no such relationship emerged from comparisons with estriol and zinc. Good and poor outcomes were related to low and high copper values, respectively. The results of this exploratory study suggest that maternal serum copper levels may be an alternative predictor of pregnancy outcome.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗