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Biomedical subjects

D Y Huang

Publications and source records attributed to D Y Huang.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Macrophage activation during Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection in resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible A/J mice.

Macrophage activation was examined in resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible A/J mice during the course of blood-stage infection with Plasmodium chabaudi AS. Three parameters of macrophage activation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]- and malaria antigen-induced tumor necrosis factor [TNF] production in vitro, phorbol myristate acetate [PMA]-induced production of oxygen metabolites in vitro, and Ia antigen expression) were assessed during infection in populations of peritoneal and splenic macrophages recovered from infected mice of the two strains. The peak level of LPS-induced TNF production in vitro by splenic macrophages from both infected C57BL/6 and infected A/J mice occurred on day 7, which was 3 days before the peak of parasitemia. Although the kinetics of TNF production in vitro in response to either LPS, soluble malaria antigen, or intact parasitized erythrocytes varied in some of the other macrophage populations during infection, there was no significant difference in the peak level of production. Peritoneal and splenic macrophages from infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited significantly increased PMA-induced production of H2O2 in vitro on day 7. Peritoneal macrophages from infected A/J mice also exhibited significant PMA-induced H2O2 production on day 7, while production by splenic macrophages from these hosts was not increased in comparison with production by cells from normal animals. Only peritoneal macrophages from infected C57BL/6 mice produced significantly increased levels of O2-, and this occurred on day 7 postinfection. Ia antigen expression by both peritoneal and splenic macrophages from resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible A/J mice was significantly increased during P. chabaudi AS infection. However, the percentage of Ia+ peritoneal macrophages on days 8 and 10 postinfection and Ia+ splenic macrophages on day 3 postinfection was significantly higher in C57BL/6 than in A/J mice. Thus, these results demonstrate that macrophages from P. chabaudi AS-infected A/J mice exhibit defects in oxygen metabolism and Ia antigen expression which may contribute to the susceptibility of these hosts to this intraerythrocytic parasite. The cause-and-effect relationship between these defects and the susceptibility of A/J mice to P. chabaudi AS is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A single 3.7-kilobase messenger RNA hybridizes to immediate-early promoter enhancer of human cytomegalovirus in HL-60 and acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Expression of a mRNA cross-hybridized to human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter-enhancer was detected in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. The 0.6 kilobase of NruI/SacI DNA fragment of eukaryotic expression vector pCDM8 representing human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter-enhancer was used as the probe to hybridize with polyadenylated RNA by the Northern blot analysis. A 3.7-kilobase strand of polyadenylated RNA was visualized in the cytoplasmic fraction of HL-60 promyelocytes. In contrast, other human hematopoietic cell lines, hepatoma cells, and normal human fibroblasts did not show such a transcript by cross-hybridization. This transcript was called CMVE RNA. The expression of CMVE mRNA was also detectable in the fresh blast cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and particularly from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia of the M3 type. Taken together, these findings suggest that the CMVE RNA-encoded gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Community-acquired pulmonary infections in a public municipal hospital in the 1980s.

The relative and absolute incidences of community-acquired bacterial and tuberculous pulmonary infections, in patients admitted to a public municipal hospital, and the clinical and radiographic characteristics of these infections were retrospectively determined for the first time in 20 years. The data were compared to those previously reported in the literature. Such data were also specifically determined for alcoholics and compared to those found in nonalcoholics. The absolute numbers of infections due to pneumococci and anaerobes, and to tuberculosis, were not dissimilar to those reported in the literature, even though relatively few hemophilus infections were documented. The lack of Klebsiella sp infections was remarkable but not unexpected. Alcoholic patients had significantly higher rates of tuberculosis, cavitary disease, lung disease presumably due to anaerobes, and blood-culture-positive pneumonia. The relative concordance of our results for bacterial and tuberculous infections with those predicted from the published literature was striking. The high frequency of tuberculosis in our patients was particularly striking at a time when the incidence of tuberculosis nationwide, in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has declined significantly.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

Improved dose distribution with customized I-125 source loading in temporary interstitial implants.

I-125 sources are being used in temporary interstitial implants of various sites. Radiation safety considerations favor its use over other available radioisotopes. Cost containment is achieved by using the same sources for a number of patients. Loading I-125 seeds into implant catheters at our institutions permit customized source arrangement to optimize the implant dose patterns. Clinical examples are given for which the dose distributions achieved with customized source loading are superior to those achievable with standard Ir-192 ribbons.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1988

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. An unusual early manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Infection with Rhodococcus equi has been reported as an occasional cause of cavitary pneumonia in severely immunocompromised patients, including those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report two cases of R equi pneumonia presenting in one month in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had not previously had an opportunistic infection. The clinical and radiographic manifestations of the disease are distinctive and should suggest the diagnosis. R equi pneumonia in a person with HIV infection should be considered diagnostic of AIDS. Recognition of this entity is important since antibiotic therapy is different from that conventionally used in pneumonias in AIDS patients and must be prolonged.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Occupational health services in "small plants" in Shanghai County.

With the reorganization of the grassroots structure and economic readjustment, the commune- and brigade-run plants have now been changed to district (town)- and village-run plants, respectively, and the role of industrial production has become more important to the total income of the people. The Qi-yi Commune (District) is a good example. The number of plants showed an increase of 80% from 1975 to 1983, whereas the number of workers increased by 149%. The number of workers as a percentage of the total population of the district grew from 10% to about 25%. The rapid progress of industry led to a need to promote occupational health services as part of primary health care. This article reviews the implementation of such services with the objective of attaining the goal "Health for all by the year 2000."

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dose distribution of 125I sources in different tissues.

The low-energy photons of 125I deposit energy in tissues primarily by the photoelectric effect, which is strongly dependent on the atomic number Z. Thus dose distributions of 125I sources in media of different Z are not the same. LiF and CaF2 thermoluminescent dosimeters were used for relative dose distribution measurements in materials that are equivalent to muscle, breast, and bone. The experimental data are in good agreement with published results for muscle, and in reasonable agreement with Monte Carlo calculations for all the tissues tested. These measured data provide the basis for dose distribution calculations when 125I seeds are implanted in or near inhomogeneous tissues.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diode dosimetry of models 6711 and 6712 125I seeds in a water phantom.

Two-dimensional relative dose distributions have been measured around 125I brachytherapy seeds. The two seed models studied, models 6711 and 6712, were manufactured by the 3M Company. Silicon detectors immersed in water phantoms were used to measure the dose. A computerized data acquisition system that controlled the radial position of the diode and the angular rotation of the seed, as well as a manually controlled system were used to collect and store the data. Our results show that the two seed models have relative dose distributions which are quite similar; however, the absolute dose distributions are sufficiently different to warrant separate look-up tables for the two seed models. Additionally, our results are compared with dose distribution data previously obtained for the model 6711 seed.

Brachytherapy↗