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D Y Kuo

Publications and source records attributed to D Y Kuo.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the change of feeding behavior induced by repeated treatment of amphetamine.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an orexigenic peptide, is involved in the control of food intake. Repeated administration of amphetamine (AMPH), an anorectic agent, results in an anorectic effect on day 1 and a tolerant anorectic effect on the followings. In an attempt to know the role of hypothalamic NPY in these effects of AMPH, contents of hypothalamic NPY were determined by radioimmunoassay at first. In AMPH-treated groups, the contents of hypothalamic NPY decreased rapidly on day 1 but restored gradually to the normal level on the following days as observed in repeated AMPH. An involvement of hypothalamic NPY in the feeding change of repeated AMPH can thus be considered. Moreover, daily injection of NPY antisense oligonucleotide into brain (10 microg/10 microl/day, i.c.v.) to inhibit the gene expression of hypothalamic NPY were performed at 1 hour before daily 2 mg/kg AMPH. The reversion of food intake from the anorectic level to the normal level (tolerant anorexia) was abolished by this antisense pretreatment. It is suggested that hypothalamic NPY may play a role in the change of feeding behavior induced by repeated AMPH administration.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed2001

Bullous pemphigoid masquerading as acute radiation dermatitis: case report.

We report the first case of bullous pemphigoid complicating radiation therapy for vulvar cancer. Shortly after completion of postoperative radiation therapy for a TIN1 vulvar carcinoma, the patient presented with a rash that started within, but continued to extend, well beyond the radiation field. A biopsy of the lesions confirmed the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, and she had prompt clinical resolution with systemic tetracycline and steroids.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Ovarian carcinoid: management of primary and recurrent tumors.

We present a case of Stage I ovarian carcinoid tumor recurrent in the peritoneal cavity and review the pertinent literature concerning the management of this disease. Based on the data in the gynecologic and general surgery literature, it appears that primary complete cytoreductive surgery usually affords a high cure rate. Reexploration and attempt at complete resection of this slow-growing tumor appears to provide significant and prolonged palliation and is indicated for recurrent disease.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1999

Nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion is not modified by the estrous cycle, ovariectomy and estradiol replacement at physiological level.

The present study was designed to investigate whether nicotine's effect on locomotion might be modulated by the ovarian hormone at physiological level. Rats at normal cycling of estrus and diestrus were selected for the comparison of nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion based on the document that the release of striatal dopamine was greatest at the estrous phase. Ovariectomized rats primed with or without estrogen at physiological level were also selected for comparison. Increase in spontaneous locomotion by nicotine was statistically significant at the doses of 0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg (p < 0.001). The stimulating effect of nicotine led the locomotor response to almost the same magnitude in all hormonal groups studied. Nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion appeared to be mediated by central nicotinic receptor because it was blocked by mecamylamine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Also it was blocked by haloperidol (0.04 and 0.08 mg/kg, i.p.) indicating the involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission. These effects were similar in all groups regardless of the estrous cycle or ovariectomy. The observed data provided behavioral evidence to suggest that the effect of nicotine on locomotion-related dopaminergic neurons might not be modified by the physiological action of estrogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of nicotine on spontaneous and amphetamine-induced motor behaviors: the differences between nicotine tolerant and nontolerant rats.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of nicotine on spontaneous and amphetamine (AMP)-induced motor activity in rats with or without tolerance to nicotine. Tolerance were induced by treating the rats with nicotine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) 2 hr before receiving challenge doses. Motor activity including locomotion and stereotypy was monitored automatically by videocamera every 15 min for 90 min. The results indicated that: (1) Nicotine increased spontaneous locomotion at 0.15 or 0.3 mg/kg (s.c.) in naive rats and at 0.6 mg/kg in tolerant rats. Nicotine also slightly affected AMP-induced locomotion at 0.15, 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg in both naive and tolerant rats, and (2) Nicotine increased spontaneous stereotypy at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg in naive rats only and showed no effect on AMP-induced stereotypy in either naive or tolerant rats. Comparing the results of spontaneous motor activity between naive and tolerant rats, it revealed behavioral desensitization in locomotion at low doses (0.15 or 0.3 mg/kg) and hyperlocomotion at higher dose (0.6 mg/kg), and revealed desensitization in stereotypy at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg. Moreover, nicotine had temporary (at 0-15 min interval) attenuating effect on AMP-induced locomotion in naive rats but showed a potentiating effect on AMP-induced locomotion in tolerant rats. The present results indicated that acute tolerance modified the action of nicotine in both spontaneous and AMP-induced locomotion, while stereotypy was changed only in the spontaneous one but not in the AMP-induced one. In other words, acute tolerance modified the effect of nicotine on locomotion-related dopaminergic system, and it affected the stereotypy-related dopaminergic system only in the spontaneous one but not in the AMP-induced one.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1997

Taxol-resistant epithelial ovarian tumors are associated with altered expression of specific beta-tubulin isotypes.

The treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with taxol is hindered by the development of drug resistance. The cellular target for taxol is the microtubule that is stabilized by the drug. Taxol preferentially binds to the beta subunit of tubulin of which there are six distinct isotypes in mammalian cells. We have used highly specific oligonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction to analyze expression of all six beta-tubulin genes. Human lung cancer cells (A549) were selected in 12 and 24 nM taxol resulting in cell lines that were 9- and 17-fold resistant, respectively. These cells displayed an altered ratio of classes I, II, III, and IVa beta-tubulin isotypes. Ovarian tumors, seven untreated primary and four taxol- resistant tumor-bearing ascites, displayed significant increases (P < 0.005) in classes I (3.6-fold), III (4.4-fold), and IVa (7.6-fold) isotypes in the taxol-resistant samples as compared with untreated primary ovarian tumors. The increased expression appears to be related to the resistance phenotype, as the basal levels of the class III and IVa isotypes in the untreated tumors were extremely low. This is the first report of altered expression of specific beta-tubulin genes in taxol-resistant ovarian tumors and we propose that the latter may play a role in clinical resistance to taxol.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1997

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary and long-term tamoxifen therapy: a coincidence or a cause for concern?

In recent years, the extensive usage of tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer has led us to acquire a great deal of knowledge of its effects on various organs in the gynecological system, especially the effect on the endometrium and the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Information on the possible potential carcinogenic effect of tamoxifen on the ovary, however, has been limited, mainly because of the overall low incidence of ovarian carcinoma. In addition, there is the confounding variable posed by the diverse here-ditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes which tend to occur in a younger age group. Here, we present a case of a postmenopausal woman who was treated for six years with tamoxifen for breast cancer before being diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary. We believe that given the age of the patient and the duration of tamoxifen use, the occurrence of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma may be associated with long-term tamoxifen use.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of MDR1 expression in normal and malignant endometrium by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.

The purpose of this study was to quantitate the expression of human MDR1 mRNA levels in normal endometrium and in endometrial carcinoma and to determine the association of MDR1 levels with prognostic indicators. Endometrial samples from 43 postmenopausal patients with endometrial carcinoma and 38 patients (controls) with benign disease undergoing hysterectomy were snap-frozen. MDR1 levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and compared to sensitive and resistant cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was done with MM4.17, an anti-MDR1 antibody, on paraffin sections, and the results were compared to those obtained from RT-PCR. Data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests, setting the P value at 0.05. In both postmenopausal endometrial tissue and tumors, MDR1 expression was localized to the epithelial cell layer. Comparison of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results demonstrated a correlation of 80%. In control patients, MDR1 expression was significantly higher in postmenopausal endometrium (n = 15) than in the proliferative premenopausal endometrium (n = 15; P = 0.0024). MDR1 expression in all tumors was lower than that measured in the postmenopausal controls. Between each tumor group, there was no significant difference in the MDR1 levels observed. MDR1 expression was significantly lower in patients with high nuclear grade (n = 18) tumors when compared to patients with low nuclear grade (n = 14; P = 0.04) tumors. Comparison of MDR1 levels with multiple prognostic indicators for endometrial cancer was only significant for nuclear grade. The data indicate that MDR1 expression is not a major component of the drug resistance observed in primary endometrial tumors.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1995

Gynaecologic effects of tamoxifen.

Tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist, is widely used as adjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer. Its efficacy in increasing survival and reducing recurrence rates has been demonstrated in several European and American studies. However, its effects appear to be tissue specific. Tamoxifen exerts an estrogen effect (agonist) on the endometrium, myometrium and vagina. An increase in uterine cancer has been confirmed in several placebo-controlled clinical trials. Due to the widespread use of this drug, it is timely to review the gynecologic effects of tamoxifen.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1995

The role of colony-stimulating factor 1 and its receptor in the etiopathogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is a homodimeric growth factor that humorally regulates the growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, and locally regulates maternal-fetal interactions during pregnancy. It exerts these actions through a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), the product of the c-fms proto-oncogene. Recent studies have demonstrated overexpression of CSF-1 and its receptor in breast, ovarian, and endometrial adenocarcinomas. To further investigate the possible role of CSF-1 and its receptor in the pathogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma, a prospective study was undertaken to study CSF-1 expression in benign and neoplastic endometrial epithelium and to compare serum CSF-1 levels in endometrial adenocarcinoma patients with healthy perimenopausal women. The mean serum levels of CSF-1 in 71 patients with endometrial cancer (4.9 +/- 1.8 microgram/liter) were significantly elevated compared with levels found in the 32 controls (3.5 +/- 1.1 microgram/liter). Within the endometrial adenocarcinoma group, circulating CSF-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with large tumor volume, high grade, myometrial invasion, residual disease, and circulating CA-125 levels. High serum levels of serum CSF-1 were associated with elevated serum CA19-9 and CA-125 levels. Immunohistochemistry results revealed in tumor epithelium intense staining for CSF-1R (27 of 54 cases, 50%) and elevated staining for CSF-1 (41 of 54 cases, 75.9%), with intense staining of CSF-1 in 16 of 54 cases (29.6%). Staining was significantly greater in intensity and number of cells involved in malignant compared with benign epithelium for CSF-1R and CSF-1 (P = 0.05 and <0.0001, respectively). A positive correlation between amount and intensity of CSF-1 and CSF-1R staining in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissue was also demonstrated (P = 0.007). CSF-1 and CSF-1R mRNA was also detected in the tumor samples, confirming the expression of the protein in these tissues. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated the presence of mRNA for both the transmembrane and secreted forms of CSF-1 in all tumors analyzed. These results therefore support the hypotheses that CSF-1 and CSF-1R are overexpressed in endometrial adenocarcinoma, that levels of expression significantly correlate with clinicopathological risk factors for poor outcome, and that CSF-1 in association with its receptor via autocrine, juxtacrine, and/or paracrine interactions has a causal role in endometrial adenocarcinoma development and proliferation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Cecal cancer in a teenager presenting with a pelvic mass: a case report and review of the literature.

Colorectal cancer generally affects men and women in the later decades of life. Typically patients present with bowel obstruction and/or chronic anemia. The epidemiology, presentation, and prognosis of cecal carcinoma, the third most common colorectal cancer, is similar to other cancers of the large bowel. Cecal and other colorectal cancers rarely present in adolescence. In this case report, we describe a 19-year-old woman presenting with a pelvic mass and elevated tumor markers with the presumed diagnosis of ovarian cancer, who was found to have cecal carcinoma at laparotomy. This case illustrates that colorectal cancer, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass in young women who present with anemia, constitutional symptoms, and elevated tumor markers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for the involvement of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors in mediating the decrease of food intake during repeated treatment with amphetamine.

Repeated treatment with amphetamine (AMPH), a well-known anorectic agent, into animals could induce anorexia on day 1 and produce a gradual reversion of food intake (tolerant anorexia) on the following days. It is unknown whether these feeding changes are related to dopamine (DA) and/or noradrenergic neurotransmission. Thus, the present study investigated the subtype of receptor mediating AMPH-induced anorexia. Daily food intake was measured after various drugs were given. Pretreatment with haloperidol, an antagonist of DA receptors, may lead to inhibition of AMPH-induced anorexia. However, pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine, and the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, failed to modify the action of AMPH, suggesting the involvement of DA receptors but not adrenoceptors in the action of AMPH-induced anorexia. Furthermore, pretreatment with SCH 23390 at a dose sufficient to block D(1) receptors or pimozide at a dose sufficient to inhibit D(2) receptors blocked AMPH-induced anorexia, indicating the involvement of D(1) and D(2) receptors. In a study of tolerant anorexia, repeated treatment with the D(1)/D(2) agonist apomorphine, but not the D(1) agonist SKF 38393 or D(2) agonist quinpirole, induced an AMPH-like tolerant feeding response, providing evidence for conjoint action of D(1) and D(2) receptors in the effect. The present results suggest that both D(1) and D(2) receptors are involved in anorexia and tolerant anorexia induced by chronic intermittent administration of AMPH.

Amphetamine↗