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D Zamir

Publications and source records attributed to D Zamir.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in tomato: comparison across species, generations, and environments.

As part of ongoing studies regarding the genetic basis of quantitative variation in phenotype, we have determined the chromosomal locations of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting fruit size, soluble solids concentration, and pH, in a cross between the domestic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and a closely-related wild species, L. cheesmanii. Using a RFLP map of the tomato genome, we compared the inheritance patterns of polymorphisms in 350 F2 individuals with phenotypes scored in three different ways: (1) from the F2 progeny themselves, grown near Davis, California; (2) from F3 families obtained by selfing each F2 individual, grown near Gilroy, California (F3-CA); and (3) from equivalent F3 families grown near Rehovot, Israel (F3-IS). Maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate the approximate chromosomal locations, phenotypic effects (both additive effects and dominance deviations), and gene action of QTLs underlying phenotypic variation in each of these three environments. A total of 29 putative QTLs were detected in the three environments. These QTLs were distributed over 11 of the 12 chromosomes, accounted for 4.7-42.0% of the phenotypic variance in a trait, and showed different types of gene action. Among these 29 QTLs, 4 were detected in all three environments, 10 in two environments, and 15 in only a single environment. The two California environments were most similar, sharing 11/25 (44%) QTLs, while the Israel environment was quite different, sharing 7/20 (35%) and 5/26 (19%) QTLs with the respective California environments. One major goal of QTL mapping is to predict, with maximum accuracy, which individuals will produce progeny showing particular phenotypes. Traditionally, the phenotype of an individual alone has been used to predict the phenotype of its progeny. Our results suggested that, for a trait with low heritability (soluble solids), the phenotype of F3 progeny could be predicted more accurately from the genotype of the F2 parent at QTLs than from the phenotype of the F2 individual. For a trait with intermediate heritability (fruit pH), QTL genotype and observed phenotype were about equally effective at predicting progeny phenotype. For a trait with high heritability (mass per fruit), knowing the QTL genotype of an individual added little if any predictive value, to simply knowing the phenotype. The QTLs mapped in the L. esculentum X L. cheesmanii F2 appear to be at similar locations to many of those mapped in a previous cross with a different wild tomato (L. chmielewskii).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1991

The MADS box gene family in tomato: temporal expression during floral development, conserved secondary structures and homology with homeotic genes from Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis.

Five genes with homology to the floral homeotic genes deficiens of Antirrhinum and agamous of Arabidopsis were isolated from tomato. Each of the five genes is unique in the genome and could be localized to a different chromosome by RFLP mapping. Four of the tomato genes (hereafter TM) are flower-specific with distinguishable temporal expression. TM4 and TM8 are 'early', while TM5 and TM6 are 'late' genes. TM4 is homologous to squamous and TM6 is similar to deficiens, which are, respectively, 'early' and 'late' bona fide homeotic genes in Antirrhinum. The proteins encoded by the five tomato genes, like several known homeotic genes from other plants, contain within their N-terminus a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, the MADS box. All known plant MADS box genes also share, however, other properties. They all contain a central, moderately conserved, and rather basic domain, and a highly divergent or even missing C-terminal domain. Furthermore, molecular modelling predicts the presence of a conserved amphipatic alpha helix, at a constant distance from the MADS box in each of these proteins. The common properties of eight MADS box proteins from three plant families indicate that all their domains were coded for by the same ancestor gene. The sequence homology between pairs of MADS genes from different species indicates that the MADS ancestor gene multiplied and diverged in an ancestor plant common to several dicotyledon families.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Genetic mapping of tomato cDNA clones encoding the chloroplastic and the cytosolic isozymes of superoxide dismutase.

The isozyme pattern of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tomato consists of two Cu,Zn isozymes located, respectively, in the chloroplast and in the cytosol, as well as additional isozymes of the Mn or Fe SOD type. We have shown that SOD-1 is the chloroplastic Cu,Zn SOD and is related to cDNA clone T10. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed with two cDNA clones representing tomato Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutases. T10, coding for the chloroplast isozyme, was thus mapped to chromosome 11, between marker TG46 and TG108, while clone P31, coding for the cytosolic Cu,Zn SOD isozyme, was mapped to chromosome 1 between TG24 and TG81. SOD is associated with the response of plants to various environmental stresses; the mapping information presented here would permit the demonstration of this association by genetic analysis.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1990

Infection of tomato by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus: susceptibility to infection, symptom development, and accumulation of viral DNA.

Symptom development in tomato plants following whitefly-mediated inoculation with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was related to the occurrence of viral DNA using a specific DNA probe. Although disease symptoms were first observed 15 days post-inoculation, viral DNA could be detected 7 days earlier. TYLCV-DNA concentrations reached an optimum 4 days before symptoms appeared. The highest concentrations of TYLCV-DNA were found in rapidly growing tissues (shoot apex, young leaves, roots) and in the stems; the lowest concentrations were found in the older leaves and cotyledons. Plants were also inoculated on specific sites. Young leaves and apices were the best targets for virus inoculation. In these tissues, the viral DNA replicated at the site of inoculation and was transported first to the roots, then to the shoot apex and to the neighboring leaves and the flowers. Inoculation through the oldest leaves was inefficient.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1985

Methionine and leucine enkephalin in rat neurohypophysis: different responses to osmotic stimuli and T2 toxin.

Specific radioimmunoassays were used to measure the effects of hypertonic saline (salt loading), water deprivation, and trichothecene mycotoxin (T2 toxin) on the content of methionine enkephalin (ME), leucine enkephalin (LE), alpha-neoendorphin, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, vasopressin, and oxytocin in the rat posterior pituitary. Concentrations of vasopressin and oxytocin decreased in response to both osmotic stimuli and treatment with T2 toxin, but the decrease was greater with osmotic stimulations. Similarly, concentrations of LE and dynorphin-related peptides declined after salt loading and water deprivation; LE concentrations also decreased after treatment with T2 toxin. The concentration of ME decreased after water deprivation, did not change after salt loading, and increased after T2 toxin treatment. The differentiating effects of these stimuli on the content of immunoreactive LE and ME are consistent with the hypothesis that LE and ME may be localized in separate populations of nerve endings with different roles in the posterior pituitary.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chloroplast DNA evolution and phylogenetic relationships in Lycopersicon.

Chloroplast DNA was purified from 12 accessions that represent most of the species diversity in the genus Lycopersicon (family Solanaceae) and from 3 closely related species in the genus Solanum. Fragment patterns produced by digestion of these DNAs with 25 different restriction endonucleases were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In all 15 DNAs, a total of only 39 restriction site mutations were detected among 484 restriction sites surveyed, representing 2,800 base pairs of sequence information. This low rate of base sequence change is paralleled by an extremely low rate of convergent change in restriction sites; only 1 of the 39 mutations appears to have occurred independently in two different lineages. Parsimony analysis of shared mutations has allowed the construction of a maternal phylogeny for the 15 accessions. This phylogeny is generally consistent with relationships based on morphology and crossability but provides more detailed resolution at several places. All accessions within Lycopersicon form a coherent group, with two of the three species of Solanum as outside reference points. Chloroplast DNA analysis places S. pennellii firmly within Lycopersicon, confirming recent studies that have removed it from Solanum. Red-orange fruit color is shown to be a monophyletic trait in three species of Lycopersicon, including the cultivated tomato, L. esculentum. Analysis of six accessions within L. peruvianum reveals a limited amount of intraspecific polymorphism which, however, encompasses all the variation observed in L. chilense and L. chmielewskii. It is suggested that these latter two accessions be relegated to positions within the L. peruvianum complex.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fever of unknown origin in Israel.

INTRODUCTION: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is still a diagnostic challenge for the family physician and the internist. In the last decades a few reports have emphasized a changing pattern in the prevalence of the 3 main categories of FUO: infections, malignancies and collagen diseases. AIMS: a. to find out if the changing pattern among the main diagnoses in patients with FUO is comparable to previous reports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical files of patients that were admitted in two 450 beds rural Israeli hospitals were checked by two physicians. All files of patients with either the diagnosis of FUO, or files of patients with fever that were hospitalized for a week or longer in internal medicine departments were reviewed. RESULTS: 101 files of patients fulfilling the criteria of FUO were found. Surprisingly 54.5% of them had infectious diseases, 7.9% had malignant disease and only 2% had collagen disease. CONCLUSIONS: a. Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of FUO among Israeli patients. b. The prevalence of infectious and malignant diseases is comparable to other studies, however the low rate of connective tissue diseases in our study is unusual. c. The rate of undiagnosed FUO was remarkably high (32.7%), although all these patients recovered during hospitalization and probably had self limited infectious (viral) disease.

Aged↗