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D Zeleznik

Publications and source records attributed to D Zeleznik.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Teaching ethics to students in the University College of Nursing Studies in Maribor.

We wish to present our experiences of the educational process in the teaching of the philosophy of nursing ethics in healthcare to nursing students at the University of Maribor, College of Nursing Studies. Application of professional ethics in the study program: awareness of professional ethics theory and philosophy, and the application of these theories and philosophies in the nursing learning laboratory, the use of Slovenia's nursing code of ethics in clinical practice, the use of combined clinical practice and seminar presentations of situations which are of an ethical nature. Evaluation of the student's understanding and usage of theoretical/philosophical ethics in concrete examples.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Susceptibility of Xanthomonas maltophilia and amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria to newer antimicrobials.

The susceptibility of Xanthomonas maltophilia and amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria to a variety of newer antimicrobials was determined. Sixty-three amikacin-resistant isolates were collected from 61 inpatients at a tertiary-care hospital between 1985 and 1988. The organisms included Xanthomonas maltophilia (24 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16), Pseudomonas species (3), Serratia marcescens (10), Flavobacterium meningosepticum (4), Enterobacter species (3), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus (2), and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans (1). Amikacin resistance was initially determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were batched, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antimicrobials including amikacin were measured by using the standard agar dilution method. Of the 63 isolates initially found to be amikacin resistant by the disk diffusion method, 37% were found to be amikacin susceptible by MIC testing. Of 38 truly amikacin-resistant isolates, 76% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 63% to ofloxacin, 50% to imipenem-cilastatin, 47% to cefoperazone, 45% to ceftazidime, 13% to ceftizoxime, 11% to aztreonam, 11% to ceftriaxone, 5% to cefotetan, and 3% to amdinocillin. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin inhibited X. maltophilia to the greatest degree, with median MICs of 1 microgram/ml each. Fifteen amikacin-resistant Ps. aeruginosa isolates were inhibited by ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and ceftazidime, with median MICs of 0.375, 3, and 2 microgram/ml, respectively. Of the antimicrobials tested, ciprofloxacin had the greatest activity against amikacin-resistant organisms in vitro.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1984

Staphylococcus saprophyticus beta-lactamase production and disk diffusion susceptibility testing for three beta-lactam antimicrobial agents.

beta-Lactamase production and MIC determinations for penicillin, methicillin, and cephalothin were assessed for 67 strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and correlated with results of disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Fifty-five (82%) of the 67 strains produced beta-lactamase, and 40 (77%) of these beta-lactamase-producing strains were susceptible (zone size, greater than 29 mm) by disk diffusion techniques. Although the range of zone sizes for beta-lactamase producers was broad (26 to 36 mm), all 38 strains with a zone size of less than 31 mm by disk diffusion testing were beta-lactamase producers compared with 17 (59%) of 29 with larger zone sizes (P = 0.0000008). The median penicillin MIC for 12 S. saprophyticus strains was 0.25 micrograms/ml and was not related to beta-lactamase production. Although the methicillin MICs for 15 strains were in the susceptible range (4.0 micrograms/ml), interpretation of disk diffusion testing for oxacillin varied greatly among laboratories using identically prepared media and standardized techniques. Criteria presently used to define susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin and oxacillin by disk diffusion are inappropriate for S. saprophyticus. The clinical significance of the beta-lactamase produced by these strains needs further evaluation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Cefazaflur, a new parenteral cephalosporin: in vitro studies.

Cefazaflur was tested in vitro against 262 strains of bacteria. Inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined with two inoculum sizes of bacterial cells in Mueller-Hinton broth and nutrient broth. Agar dilution studies also were performed. When tested in agar, 5.0 mug or less of cefazaflur per ml inhibited almost all strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus mirabilis. The drug was less active against Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, and 7.5 mug of antibiotic per ml inhibited approximately two-thirds to one-fourth of the strains. A concentration of 50 mug of cefazaflur per ml was required for inhibition of the enterococci. There was negligible activity against Pseudomonas. The drug demonstrated less activity in broth than in agar, and a major inoculum effect was seen with some strains. For example, with a lower inoculum, 2.5 mug of cefazaflur per ml killed all strains of E. coli, whereas with the higher inoculum, 7.5 mug of cefazaflur per ml, inhibited 64% and killed only 8% of strains. The activity of the drug for some strains was greater in Mueller-Hinton broth; for others, it was greater in nutrient broth. There were considerable differences in the results of the broth and agar studies for some species when the same medium was employed. Because of differences in activity found with different media, inocula, and method of testing, an evaluation of the eventual usefulness of cefazaflur must await the results of in vivo studies.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of in vitro antibacterial activity of three oral cephalosporins: cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine.

Cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin, was compared in vitro with cephalexin and cephradine against 233 organisms. Evaluations were performed in Mueller-Hinton and nutrient broth and agar using two inoculum sizes. In agar, cefaclor had greater antibacterial activity than either cephalexin or cephradine against isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi. All three drugs were relatively inactive against isolates of enterococci, Enterobacter species, and indole-positive Proteus. Cefaclor, however, did exhibit the greatest activity of the three antibiotics against these organisms. Although there was wide variability with respect to test parameters, the broth results generally paralleled the agar results. In nutrient broth a clear separation of the results with these three cephalosporins was seen with K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and S. typhi. Cefaclor was the most active, cephalexin had intermediate activity, and cephradine was the least active. From the data obtained in this in vitro study, it can be concluded that cefaclor, which has a substituted chloro group attached to the molecule, had increased antibacterial activity over cephalexin and cephradine. Comparative clinical trials with cefaclor will determine whether the differences outlined above are of clinical significance.

Cephalexin↗