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Biomedical subjects

D Zola

Publications and source records attributed to D Zola.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Eye movement control during reading: II. Frequency of refixating a word.

An analysis of over 40,000 eye fixations made by college students during reading indicates that the frequency of immediately refixating a word following an initial eye fixation on it varies with the location of that fixation. The refixation frequency is lowest near the center of the word, positively accelerating with distance from the center. The data are well fit by a parabolic function. Assuming that refixation frequency is related to the frequency of successful word identification, the observed curvilinear relation results naturally from models that postulate a linear decrease in visual information with retinal eccentricity. A single letter difference in fixation location in a word can make a sizeable difference in the likelihood of refixating that word. The effects of word length and cultural frequency on the frequency of refixating are also examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words.

Sixty-six college students read two chapters from a contemporary novel while their eye movements were monitored. The eye movement data were analyzed to identify factors that influence the location of a reader's initial eye fixation on a word. When the data were partitioned according to the location of the prior fixation (i.e. launch site), the distribution of fixation locations on the word (i.e. landing site distribution) was highly constrained, normal in shape, and not influenced by word length. The locations of initial fixations on words can be accounted for on the basis of five principles of perceptuo-oculomotor control: a word-object has a specific functional target location, a saccadic range error occurs that produces a systematic deviation of landing sites from the functional target location, the saccadic range error is reduced somewhat for saccades that follow longer eye fixations, there exists perceptuo-oculomotor variability that is a second, nonsystematic source of variation in landing sites, and the perceptuo-oculomotor variability increases with distance of the launch site from the target.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1985

Some temporal characteristics of processing during reading.

College students read passages displayed on a cathode-ray tube as their eye movements were being monitored. During occasional fixations, all letters to the left of the directly fixated letter or all letters more than four to the right of the fixated letter were replaced by other letters. This replacement occurred either for only the first 100 ms of the fixation or only after the first 100 ms of the fixation. The eye movement data indicated that the eyes can respond to change in the visual stimulus within less than 100 ms and to orthographic irregularity in the text within less than 160 ms. No evidence was found for a left-to-right attentional scan during a fixation. The results were interpreted within the framework of a chronology of processing events occurring during a fixation in reading.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Time course of visual information utilization during fixations in reading.

College students read short texts from a cathode-ray tube as their eye movements were being monitored. During selected fixations, the text was briefly masked and then it reappeared with one word changed. Subjects often were unaware that the word had changed. Sometimes they reported seeing the first presented word, sometimes the second presented word, and sometimes both. When only one word was reported, two factors were found to determine which one it was: the length of time a word was present during the fixation and the predictability of a word in its context. The results suggested that visual information is utilized for reading at a crucial period during the fixation and that this crucial period can occur at different times on different fixations. The pattern of responses suggested that the first letter of a word is not utilized before other letters and that letters are not scanned from left to right during a fixation.

Adult↗