Biomedical subjects

Daniel Rosenthal

Publications and source records attributed to Daniel Rosenthal.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma in the upper extremity.

PURPOSE: To examine the results of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of osteoid osteoma in the upper extremity. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of an upper-extremity osteoid osteoma were referred for treatment between 1990 and 2003. All had computed tomography-guided percutaneous RFA performed by the senior investigator. Records were reviewed for patient age and gender, lesion size and location, prior treatment, and pathology results. Outcomes were determined by questionnaire via mail or telephone. Complete success was defined as complete resolution of pain without further treatment. Partial success was defined as occasional pain with activities that did not require another procedure. Failure was defined as recurrence, no change in symptoms, and/or the need for another procedure. RESULTS: Follow-up data were available for 25 patients at a minimum of 1 year. Lesion locations included 17 humerus, 5 scapula, 2 radius, 1 ulna. Results for 19 patients were rated completely successful, 4 were rated partially successful, and 2 were rated failures. Two patients whose results were not completely successful received decreased RFA temperature or duration because of the proximity of a neurovascular bundle. There were no complications. Outcomes did not correlate with any patient or tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for most osteoid osteomas in the shoulder, arm, and forearm. Lesions that do not allow a safe distance between the electrode and a major neurovascular structure may require surgical excision. This may be of particular importance in lesions of the hand and carpus. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model for antidepressant drug activity testing: study using a video-tracking system.

Submissive animals can be defined in a food competition test as spending significantly less time on the feeder than their dominant partners. Using observer-based scoring in the Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model, submissive behavior in rats and mice has been previously shown to be sensitive and selective to antidepressant treatment. In this paper, we report the use of automated scoring by a multiple-subject video-tracking system to record similar effects of antidepressants on rat submissive behavior. Automated scoring enabled the observation of four pairs of rats during each 5-min experimental session (one set) and immediate switching to the observation of the next four pairs of animals. Studies were conducted to confirm our previous results with imipramine and fluoxetine that were obtained with manual scoring, and to extend those results to studies with other drugs, including the antidepressant maprotiline and the delta-opioid antagonist naltrindole, which is not known to have antidepressant activity. As in previous studies, treatment of the submissive animal for 5 weeks with imipramine (20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced submissive behavior, with a delayed onset of antidepressant effect that was dependent on drug dose. Maprotiline (10 and 20 mg/kg), like imipramine or fluoxetine and in contrast to naltrindole, strongly reduced rat submissive behavior, further demonstrating the selectivity of this test for antidepressant activity.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Early detection of asymptomatic pulmonary melanoma metastases by routine chest radiographs is not associated with improved survival.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if earlier detection of pulmonary metastasis by routine chest radiography (CR) is associated with a prolonged survival. DESIGN: A computer-assisted search of all CR reports on patients with melanoma between 1990 and 1994 at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Positive or suspicious findings for pulmonary metastasis were further pursued through review of medical records and tumor registry files. SETTING AND PATIENTS: A hospital-based population of patients with melanoma undergoing routine CR at Massachusetts General Hospital. RESULTS: Overall, of 994 patients, 75 were identified as having pulmonary metastases by CR (1937 total chest radiographs). In addition, there were 63 patients with suspicious findings that were later shown to be false positive. Chest radiographs provided the initial evidence of metastases in 41 asymptomatic individuals. Thirty-four patients had known melanoma metastases to other sites at the time of the first abnormal chest radiograph. Survival after identification of pulmonary metastasis did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was no evidence to support the notion that earlier detection of pulmonary metastasis in otherwise asymptomatic individuals confers a survival advantage in an unselected melanoma population.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Virus-based expression systems facilitate rapid target in vivo functionality validation and high-throughput screening.

Target validation is one of rate-limiting steps in the modern drug discovery. The authors developed a strategy of combining adenovirus-mediated gene transfer for efficient target functionality validation, both in vivo and in vitro, with baculovirus expression to produce sufficient quantities of protein for high-throughput screening (HTS). The incorporation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the adenovirus vectors accelerates recombinant adenovirus plaque purification, whereas the use of epitope and affinity tags facilitates the identification and purification of recombinant protein. In this generalized scheme, the flexible modular design of viral vectors facilitates the transition between target validation and HTS. In the example presented, functional target validation in vivo was achieved by overexpressing the target gene in cell-based models and in the mouse cortex following adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. In this context, target overexpression resulted in the accumulation of a disease-related biomarker both in vitro and in vivo. A baculovirus-based expressional system was then generated to produce enough target protein for HTS. Thus, the use of these viral expression systems represents a generalized method for rapid target functionality validation and HTS assay development, which could be applied to numerous target candidates being elucidated in gene discovery programs.

Adenoviridae↗