Algorithmic cooling in a momentum state quantum computer.
We describe a quantum computer based upon the coherent manipulation of two-level atoms between discrete one-dimensional momentum states. Combinations of short laser pulses with kinetic energy dependent free phase evolution can perform the logical invert, exchange, controlled-NOT, and Hadamard operations on any qubits in the binary representation of the momentum state, as well as conditional phase inversion. These allow a binary right rotation, which halves the momentum distribution in a single coherent process. Fields for the coherent control of atomic momenta may thus be designed as quantum algorithms.
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