Biomedical subjects

David A Rix

Publications and source records attributed to David A Rix.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Routine intraoperative stenting for renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Major urological complications (MUCs) after kidney transplantation contribute to patient morbidity and compromise graft function. Ureteric stents have been successfully used to treat such complications and a number of centers have adopted a policy of universal prophylactic stenting, at the time of graft implantation, to reduce the incidence of urine leaks and ureteric stenosis. METHODS: In conjunction with the Cochrane Renal Group we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, reference lists of articles, books and abstracts and contacted companies, authors and experts to identify randomized controlled trials examining the use of stents in renal transplantation. The primary outcome was the incidence of MUCs and data on this statistic was pooled and analyzed using a random effects model. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials (1154 patients) of low or moderate quality were identified. The incidence of MUCs was significantly reduced (relative risk [RR] 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.77; P=0.02; number needed to treat = 13) by prophylactic ureteric stenting. Urinary tract infections were more common in stented patients (RR 1.49), unless the patients were prescribed 480 mg cotrimoxazole once daily. With this antibiotic regime the incidence of infection was equivalent between the two groups (RR 0.97). Stents appeared generally well tolerated, although trials using longer stents (> or = 20 cm) for longer periods of time (>6 weeks) reported more problems with encrustation and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Universal prophylactic stenting reduces the incidence of MUCs and should be recommended on the basis of currently available randomized controlled trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Comparison of laparoscopic and open donor nephrectomy: UK experience.

UNLABELLED: A comparison of laparoscopic and open donor nephrectomy is presented by authors from the UK. They found that the laparoscopic approach could safely be offered to patients treated in experienced units and after adequate training fo the surgeon, with no increase in complications or decrease in efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To compare our early experience of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) with a contemporary cohort of conventional open donor nephrectomy (ODN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Transperitoneal left-sided LDN was offered to carefully selected potential live kidney donors on the basis of vascular anatomy. The first 20 donors who underwent LDN were compared with a control group of 20 patients who had ODN. Donors and recipients were compared for demographics, intraoperative variables, postoperative complications and allograft function. RESULTS: There was no peri-operative mortality in either group. No laparoscopic procedure required open conversion. The operating time was comparable (165 vs 153 min); LDN was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss (200 vs 350 mL; Mann-Whitney U, P = 0.01) and hospital stay (3 vs 5 days; P < 0.001). The graft warm ischaemic time was significantly longer for LDN (5 vs 2 min; P < 0.001) but this did not appear to affect either the delayed graft function rate (5% vs 10%, not significant) or serum creatinine level at discharge (125 vs 126 micromol/L). CONCLUSIONS: UK centres with experience of advanced laparoscopy and ODN can safely offer LDN to potential live donors.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Prospective study comparing three-dimensional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the renal vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare the accuracy of multislice spiral computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in evaluating the renal vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one donors underwent multislice spiral CTA and gadolinium-enhanced MRA. In addition to axial images, multiplanar reconstruction and maximum intensity projections were used to display the renal vascular anatomy. Twenty-four donors had a left laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN), whereas seven had right open donor nephrectomy (ODN); LDN was only considered if the renal vascular anatomy was favourable on the left. CTA and MRA images were analysed by two radiologists independently. The radiological and surgical findings were correlated after the surgery. RESULTS: CTA showed 33 arteries and 32 veins (100% sensitivity) whereas MRA showed 32 arteries and 31 veins (97% sensitivity). CTA detected all five accessory renal arteries whereas MRA only detected one. CTA also identified all three accessory renal veins whereas MRA identified two. CTA had a sensitivity of 97% and 47% for left lumbar and left gonadal veins, whereas MRA had a sensitivity of 74% and 46%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Multislice spiral CTA with three-dimensional reconstruction was more accurate than MRA for both renal arterial and venous anatomy.

Donor Selection↗