Biomedical subjects

David Clark-Carter

Publications and source records attributed to David Clark-Carter.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Perceptions of empathic accuracy and assumed similarity in the coach-athlete relationship.

Drawing upon the methodology developed by Kenny and Acitelli (2001), this study examined empathic accuracy and assumed similarity in both parties' perceptions of coach-athlete relationships. One hundred and twenty-one coaches and athletes reported on their direct-perceptions and meta-perceptions of closeness, commitment and complementarity (3 Cs; Jowett & Cockerill, 2002), and of satisfaction with instruction, performance and external agents. There was evidence of both empathic accuracy and assumed similarity in coaches' and athletes' perceptions. Athletes were more accurate in identifying the specific content of their coaches' feelings in terms of closeness. Athletes and coaches from newly developed relationships displayed higher levels of empathic accuracy, whereas female athletes displayed higher levels of assumed similarity. Moreover, evidence suggested that athletes' and coaches' assumed similarity led to more accurate perceptions. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the strength of association between rheumatoid arthritis and depression. In addition, we investigated the extent to which sociodemographic characteristics, level of pain, and method of assessing depression might affect the degree of depression. METHODS: CD-ROM databases and bibliographies were searched to identify all studies comparing depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects using standardized assessments. Effect sizes (Pearson's r) and probabilities were combined across studies. We examined the extent to which the association between rheumatoid arthritis and depression could be attributed to level of pain (using contrasts), sociodemographic differences between groups (combining methodologically restricted studies), and methods of assessing depression (examining heterogeneity across studies). RESULTS: Twelve independent studies comparing depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with depression in healthy control subjects were found. Effect sizes for depression were small to moderate (r =.21, p <.0001; heterogeneous). This effect was not reduced in studies controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (r =.27, p <.0001). The effect sizes did vary in a linear manner in proportion to the effect size for pain (z = 2.67, p =.0064). The effect sizes produced by different measures of depression were heterogeneous (chi(2) for Fisher's Z = 24.6, p =.0002), with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale giving effect sizes most dissimilar to those of other measures. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is more common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in healthy individuals. This difference is not due to sociodemographic differences between groups, but it may be attributable, in part, to the levels of pain experienced. Variation in the methods of assessing depression partly accounts for the differences among studies examining the levels of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pathways to understanding mind: construct validity and predictive validity of maternal mind-mindedness.

The construct validity of maternal mind-mindedness (MM) was investigated in the context of its relations with children's later understanding of mind. MM measures were obtained from infant-mother (N = 52) interactions at 6 months, and from maternal interviews at 48 months. Children's understanding of mind was assessed using theory of mind (ToM) tasks at 45 and 48 months, and a stream of consciousness (SoC) task at 55 months. One of the early MM measures--mothers' appropriate mind-related comments--was a positive independent predictor of: (a) MM at 48 months, and (b) ToM and SoC performance at 45 to 55 months. Path analyses suggested direct links between mothers' use of appropriate mind-related comments and children's later understanding of mind.

Child↗