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Biomedical subjects

David H Adamkin

Publications and source records attributed to David H Adamkin.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Feeding problems in the late preterm infant.

Much of the neonatal nutrition literature has focused on the management of very low birth weight infants, a group of infants usually less than 33 weeks gestation. Much less attention has been paid to nutritional management issues in preterm infants at higher gestations. This article reviews nutritional issues that exist from the 239th day (34 0/7 weeks gestation) and ending on the 259th day (36 6/7 weeks gestation) since the first day of the mother's last normal menstrual period.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Pragmatic approach to in-hospital nutrition in high-risk neonates.

Extremely low birth weight infants may experience periods of moderate to severe undernutrition during the acute phase of their respiratory problems. This undernutrition contributes to early growth deficits in these patients and may have long-lasting effects, including poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Early postnatal intravenous amino-acid administration and early enteral feeding strategies will minimize the interruption of nutrient intake that occurs with premature birth. These two strategies will prevent intracellular energy failure, allow the administration of more non-protein energy, as well as enhance overall nutritional health, as evidenced by less postnatal weight loss and earlier return to birth weight, and improved overall postnatal growth and outcome.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2003

Postnatal malnutrition of extremely low birth-weight infants with catch-up growth postdischarge.

OBJECTIVE: To assess nutritional intakes and subsequent growth of extremely low birth-weight (BW) infants. STUDY DESIGN: Chart review of 69 extremely low BW infants stratified into two groups by BW: < or =750 g (group 1; n=27) or 751 to 1000 g (group 2; n=42). Dietary intakes, weights, and head circumferences (HC) were collected through discharge and at 1 month postdischarge. The differences between goals and intakes were calculated weekly during hospitalization. Descriptive comparisons were made between growth parameters at birth, discharge, and follow-up. RESULTS: Total energy and protein deficits were inversely related to BW. Both groups exhibited extrauterine growth retardation while hospitalized. After discharge, the rates of weight gain and HC growth increased, leading to some growth recovery at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Existing feeding methods resulted in sizeable deficits in energy and protein, particularly for the smallest infants. Changing current practices to limit these deficits is essential to improving postnatal growth.

Energy Intake↗
PubMed2002

Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid enhance growth with no adverse effects in preterm infants fed formula.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) supplementation influences growth or visual acuity of formula-fed premature infants. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, multi-center study of 194 premature infants given preterm formula with no DHA or ARA (control), 0.15% energy DHA, or 0.14% DHA + 0.27% ARA from single-cell triglycerides for at least 28 days and then fed term formula (no DHA or ARA) to 57 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), with 90 breast-fed term infants as reference. RESULTS: Infants fed DHA+ARA formula gained weight significantly faster (post-hoc analysis) during preterm formula feeding than control infants (34.7 vs. 30.7 g/d) and had weights and weight:length ratios not different from term breast-fed infants at 48 and 57 weeks PMA. Infants fed control or DHA formula had lower body weights than term infants. Red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine ARA was significantly correlated to weight gain during preterm formula feeding and to weight and length at 40, 48, and 57 weeks PMA (r = 0.19 to 0.24, P =.004-.02). Providing DHA or DHA+ARA during the preterm period had no effect on subsequent visual acuity or incidence of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Feeding DHA+ARA from single-cell triglycerides enhances weight gain in formula-fed premature infants with no evidence of adverse effects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Two key strategies in the nutritional management of the extremely low birth weight infant.

Two relatively new strategies in the nutritional management of the extremely low birthweight infant include early administration of amino acids and the integration with minimal enteral nutrition within the first days of life. These strategies will promote early positive energy balance and nitrogen retention as well as stimulate the functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical outcomes that should be improved include decreasing post-natal weight loss and earlier return to birthweight.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in VVLBW infants.

BACKGROUND: Long-term growth failure in very very low birth weight (VVLBW) infants is a common complication of extreme prematurity. Critical illnesses create challenges to adequate nutriture. PURPOSE: To identify predictors of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in VVLBW infants and to evaluate their nutritional intake and subsequent growth. STUDY DESIGN: A 4-year retrospective chart review of 221 infants <or=1000 g birth weight and <or=29 weeks gestational age who were admitted within 24 hours of birth, were free of major congenital anomalies and survived at least 7 days. Daily intakes and anthropomorphic data were collected and analyzed. Significant events during hospitalization were documented. RESULTS: Mean energy and protein intakes during hospitalization did not reach recommendations of 120 kcal/kg/d and 3.0 g/kg/day. In utero growth rates could not be consistently reached or sustained. As expected, BW (as measured by BW percentile score) was highly predictive of EUGR (p<0.001). When the independent effect of other predictors of EUGR was considered, only days of total parenteral nutrition (p<0.001) and HC percentile at return to birth weight (p<0.001) made a significant contribution to the prediction of EUGR, once the effect of BW was taken into account.

Child, Preschool↗