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David J Schonfeld

Publications and source records attributed to David J Schonfeld.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Research exposure during pediatric residency: influence on career expectations.

OBJECTIVES: To examine pediatric residents' research experiences during residency and to explore whether residents' attitudes toward research are related to their decision to pursue subspecialty fellowships. STUDY DESIGN: A national random sample of 500 PL-3 pediatric residents completing training in 2001 was surveyed. Responses were obtained from 318 residents (64%). Resident research experiences and perceived competence were compared for residents planning to pursue subspecialty training (34%) and residents who were not (66%). RESULTS: Residents interested in a subspecialty were more likely to have had formal research training (39% vs 27%) and to have assisted on a research project (26% vs 14%) during residency. Upon residency completion, residents in both groups rated their knowledge of most research skills as being fair or poor. A favorable rating toward research was the strongest predictor of whether residents have subspecialty rather than general pediatrics as their future clinical goal (OR=3.7). CONCLUSIONS: Given residents' limited research exposure and the strong association found between residents' research attitudes and their plans to pursue subspecialty training, serious consideration should be given to the possible benefits of research promotion programs, which may lead to increased resident interest in pediatric fellowships and pediatric research.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2002

Measurement methodology in children's health locus of control.

Health locus of control scales for children are often constructed in an agree/disagree format. It was hypothesized that the structure of the instrument may be in part responsible for the finding that young children (7-8 yr) have an external health locus of control relevant to children several years older. The original version and a revised version, using a choice of attribution format, were both administered to 444 students (98% of eligible students) attending 10 second-grade classes. Although the mean scores for the two formats were the same, 32.0 (SD = 3.3), item level analyses showed poor agreement (kappa, -.005-.41) and significant bias in disagreements on 15 of the 20 items. Changes in the wording of the questions led to different results, indicating possible limitations in either format. The observation that young children likely have a mixed health locus of control indicates that health educators may benefit from employing both internal and external sources of reinforcement to promote healthy behaviors in young children.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recommended modifications and applications of the Hospital Emergency Incident Command System for hospital emergency management.

The Hospital Emergency Incident Command System (HEICS), now in its third edition, has emerged as a popular incident command system model for hospital emergency response in the United States and other countries. Since the inception of the HEICS in 1991, several events have transformed the requirements of hospital emergency management, including the 1995 Tokyo Subway sarin attack, the 2001 US anthrax letter attacks, and the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in eastern Asia and Toronto, Canada. Several modifications of the HEICS are suggested to match the needs of hospital emergency management today, including: (1) an Incident Consultant in the Administrative Section of the HEICS to provide expert advice directly to the Incident Commander in chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) emergencies as needed, as well as consultation on mental health needs; (2) new unit leaders in the Operations Section to coordinate the management of contaminated or infectious patients in CBRN emergencies; (3) new unit leaders in the Operations Section to coordinate mental health support for patients, guests, healthcare workers, volunteers, and dependents in terrorism-related emergencies or events that produce significant mental health needs; (4) a new Decedent/Expectant Unit Leader in the Operations Section to coordinate the management of both types of patients together; and (5) a new Information Technology Unit Leader in the Logistics Section to coordinate the management of information technology and systems. New uses of the HEICS in hospital emergency management also are recommended, including: (1) the adoption of the HEICS as the conceptual framework for organizing all phases of hospital emergency management, including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; and (2) the application of the HEICS not only to healthcare facilities, but also to healthcare systems. Finally, three levels of healthcare worker competencies in the HEICS are suggested: (1) basic understanding of the HEICS for all hospital healthcare workers; (2) advanced understanding and proficiency in the HEICS for hospital healthcare workers likely to assume leadership roles in hospital emergency response; and (3) special proficiency in constituting the HEICS ad hoc from existing healthcare workers in resource-deficient settings. The HEICS should be viewed as a work in progress that will mature as additional challenges arise and as hospitals gain further experience with its use.

Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems↗