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David N Levin

Publications and source records attributed to David N Levin.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Sensor-independent stimulus representations.

This paper shows how time-dependent sensory data from an evolving stimulus can be blindly rescaled in a nonlinear time-dependent fashion to create a time series of stimulus representations that are invariant under any unknown invertible transformation of the sensory data. These representations are invariant, because they encode "inner" properties of the time series of stimulus configurations themselves. This means that any two devices, possibly equipped with significantly different sensors, will create the same rescaled representation of an evolving stimulus, as long as they are sensitive to the same internal degrees of freedom of the stimulus. Such sensor-independent stimulus representations will also be unaffected by a wide variety of processes that invertibly remap sensor states, including: (i) altered performance of a device's detector; (ii) changes in the observational environment external to the sensory device and the stimulus; and (iii) certain modifications of the presentation of the stimuli themselves. In an intelligent sensory device, this kind of representation "engine" could function as a "front end" that passes rescaled sensor state representations to the device's pattern analysis module. Because the effects of many extraneous observational conditions have been "filtered out" of these representations, it would not be necessary to recalibrate the device's detectors or to retrain its pattern analysis module in order to account for these factors.

Humans↗

Representations of sound that are insensitive to spectral filtering and parametrization procedures.

This paper describes representations of time-dependent signals that are invariant under any invertible signal distortion. Such a representation can be created by rescaling the signal in a nonlinear dynamic manner that is determined by recently encountered signal levels. Information that is encoded in such representations will be faithfully communicated in the presence of severe signal distortions, which may originate in the transmitter, receiver, or the channel between them. As in speech communication, the receiver is "blind" and need not characterize the form of the signal distortion, which remains unknown. The method is applied to analytical examples, acoustic waveforms of human speech, and the short-term Fourier spectra of a bird song. The results suggest that the rescaled representation of a sound is insensitive to the way its spectra have been filtered and parametrized, as long as those processes do not obliterate the differences between the various spectra in the sound. Finally, the possible "speaker" independence of these representations is explored in the context of a simple linear prediction model of vocal tracts with a single degree of freedom.

Acoustics↗