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Biomedical subjects

David S Biller

Publications and source records attributed to David S Biller.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Subclinical intestinal duplication in a cat.

An abdominal mass was identified upon palpation of the abdomen in a normal, asymptomatic, 1-year-old female domestic shorthair cat presented for elective ovariohysterectomy. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations demonstrated a well-circumscribed caudal abdominal mass. Ultrasound guided needle aspiration cytology was consistent with an accumulation of squamous epithelial cells. The mass was associated with the jejunum and was excised via resection anastomosis of the intestinal segment after ovariohysterectomy. Histologic examination provided the diagnosis of an intestinal duplication lined with epithelium typical of that in the esophagus. The cat recovered without complications.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Feline polycystic kidney disease is linked to the PKD1 region.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a commonly inherited disorder (1/1000) in humans characterized by fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. Defects in the PKD genes, PKD1 and PKD2, cause 85% and 15% of human ADPKD cases, respectively. Mutations in the PKHD1 gene cause autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD). Mutations in several genes, including Nek8, cause PKD in mice. Although PKD affects 38% of Persian cats worldwide, making it the most prominent inherited feline disease, a causative gene has not been identified. Feline PKD is an autosomal dominant disease with clinical presentations similar to human ADPKD. Forty-three microsatellites were chosen from the feline genetic maps based on known homology with human chromosomal regions containing the PKD1, PKD2, PKHD1, and Nek8 genes. Linkage analysis using seven Persian cat pedigrees segregating for PKD has shown significant linkage and no recombinants (Z=5.83, theta=0) between the PKD disease phenotype and marker FCA476, which is within 10 cR of the feline PKD1 gene on Chromosome E3. This suggests that the PKD1 gene or another gene within this region may cause feline PKD. Further investigation into the cause of PKD will be valuable for feline health and provide insights into human ADPKD.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Feline polycystic kidney disease mutation identified in PKD1.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a commonly inherited disorder in humans that causes the formation of fluid-filled renal cysts, often leading to renal failure. PKD1 mutations cause 85% of ADPKD. Feline PKD is autosomal dominant and has clinical presentations similar to humans. PKD affects approximately 38% of Persian cats worldwide, which is approximately 6% of cats, making it the most prominent inherited feline disease. Previous analyses have shown significant linkage between the PKD phenotype and microsatellite markers linked to the feline homolog for PKD1. In this report, the feline PKD1 gene was scanned for causative mutations and a C>A transversion was identified at c.10063 (human ref NM_000296) in exon 29, resulting in a stop mutation at position 3284, which suggests a loss of approximately 25% of the C-terminus of the protein. The same mutation has not been identified in humans, although similar regions of the protein are truncated. The C>A transversion has been identified in the heterozygous state in 48 affected cats examined, including 41 Persians, a Siamese, and several other breeds that have been known to outcross with Persians. In addition, the mutation is segregating concordantly in all available PKD families. No unaffected cats have been identified with the mutation. No homozygous cats have been identified, supporting the suggestion that the mutation is embryonic lethal. These data suggest that the stop mutation causes feline PKD, providing a test to identify cats that will develop PKD and demonstrating that the domestic cat is an ideal model for human PKD.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Glomerulocystic kidney disease in a kitten.

A 4-month-old 1-kg female Siamese-Manx cross kitten was evaluated because of renomegaly and renal failure. Ultrasonography and cytologic examination of a renal aspirate failed to provide an antemortem diagnosis. Histologic lesions included diffuse cystic dilatation of all tubules and Bowman's spaces in the renal cortex and occasional small glomerular tufts; the lesions were similar to those of glomerulocystic kidney disease of humans. Glomerulocystic kidney disease is a rare cause of early-onset renal failure, but should be considered when renomegaly is detected, cysts are not detected in the kidney by ultrasonography, and cytologic examination of a renal aspirate is nondiagnostic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoracoscopic visualization and ligation of the thoracic duct in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a technique for thoracoscopic visualization and ligation of the thoracic duct in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS: Five mature, healthy dogs. METHODS: Dogs were normal based on physical examination, negative occult heartworm test, normal complete blood count and biochemical profile, and normal thoracic radiographs. The dogs were anesthetized, and a ventral midline laparotomy was performed for catheterization of a mesenteric lymphatic. Lymphangiography was performed to determine thoracic duct anatomy. Thoracoscopy was performed in the caudal, right hemithorax after single lung intubation or bronchial blockade. At least two 10-mm clips were placed across the thoracic duct in each dog. Lymphangiography was repeated to assess duct ligation. If complete duct occlusion was not achieved, thoracoscopy was repeated for additional clip placement. After surgery the dogs were euthanatized, and necropsies were performed. RESULTS: Lymphangiography showed that multiple branches of the thoracic duct were present in every dog; bilateral thoracic duct branches were most common. Thoracoscopic identification and ligation of the thoracic duct was successful in all five dogs. Two dogs required a second thoracoscopic procedure to completely occlude flow of contrast through the thoracic duct. Surgery time for thoracoscopy averaged 59 plus minus 9.6 minutes. Retroperitoneal contrast accumulation after thoracic duct ligation occurred in two dogs. One dog required bilateral pulmonary ventilation. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopy can be used to visualize the thoracic duct for ligation in normal dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thoracoscopic ligation of the thoracic duct may be a therapeutic option for management of chylothorax in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic appearance and etiology of corrugated small intestine.

An ultrasound pattern of corrugated, and sometimes thickened, bowel wall has been associated with pancreatitis and small intestinal lymphangiectasia. In a retrospective study, records of dogs and cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of corrugated bowel were examined for age, breed, gender, presenting complaint, abdominal radiographic results, and final diagnosis. Eighteen dogs and six cats had an ultrasound diagnosis of corrugated bowel. The final diagnosis was pancreatitis (12 of 24), peritonitis (4 of 24), enteritis (2 of 24), pancreatic neoplasia (2 of 24), diffuse abdominal neoplasia (1 of 24), lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (1 of 24), thrombosis/infarction (1 of 24), and protein-losing enteropathy and acute renal failure (1 of 24). The presence of bowel wall corrugation, although a nonspecific finding, should alert one-to the possibility of pancreatitis, enteritis, peritonitis, neoplasia, or bowel wall ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of foreign bodies associated with chronic draining tracts and abscesses in dogs.

This is a retrospective study that describes the historical, physical exam, radiographic, fistulographic, ultrasonographic, and surgical findings associated with non-gastrointestinal and extrathoracic foreign bodies in six dogs. All dogs had a chronic draining tract or abscess. Although radiographs were obtained in five of the six dogs, no foreign bodies were identified with this modality. Fistulography was performed in four of the six dogs, and a filling defect consistent with a foreign body was found in two of four dogs. A foreign body was identified in five of the six dogs with ultrasound. Foreign bodies were removed surgically in five of six dogs. This report clarifies the importance of ultrasound in the evaluation of chronic draining tracts and abscesses in dogs.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in the lumbar spine, pelvis, and femur in the adult dog.

The purpose of this study was to describe the appearance of normal bone marrow in seven adult dogs using low-field (0.3T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The areas imaged included the lumbar spine, pelvis, and femur. T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and short tau (T1) inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained at all locations. Histopathology was performed on sections from the sixth lumbar vertebral body, the wing of the ilium, and the femur (head and neck, mid-diaphysis, and condyle) for evaluation of cellularity and fat content. The lumbar spine and pelvic marrow MR images were similar in all dogs. The lumbar vertebral bone marrow was uniform, intermediate signal intensity, and isointense to muscle on all sequences. There was variation between dogs in the bone marrow distribution with MR imaging of the femur. In the proximal and mid-diaphysis of the femur there was patchy high-signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, and hypointense foci on the STIR images. The distal femoral metaphysis had a variable pattern ranging from intermediate-to-high signal on T1- and T2-weighted images and intermediate-to-low signal on STIR images. The femoral condyles were uniformly high signal on T1- and T2-weighted images and hypointense on STIR images. Histopathologically there was a normal variation in the bone marrow cellularity. The marrow was normocellular (25-75% cellularity) for all sites examined except the femoral condyles, which were hypocellular (<25% cellularity).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of digitized and direct viewed (analog) radiographic images for detection of pulmonary nodules.

The purpose of this study was to compare direct (analog) viewing of thoracic radiographs with digitized images obtained with a radiographic scanner and seven digital cameras for detection of pulmonary nodules. Direct viewing of the analog radiographs was significantly better than all digitized methods (P<0.01). Significant variations exist between the radiographic scanner and the digital cameras. The scanner (Kodak LS75) was significantly better than the Kodak DC 4800 and the Sony DSC-707 cameras (P<0.05). The Nikon 995, Canon EOS-D30, and Ricoh i500 were significantly better than the Sony DSC-707 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the Kodak DC 3800, Kodak DC 4800, and the Sony DSC-707. For pairwise comparison of raters (when evaluating the radiographs individually compared with the consensus), the raters matched the consensus rating from 85% to 92% with no significant difference between raters.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of radiographic and computed tomography lymphangiography for identification of the canine thoracic duct.

Standard radiographic lymphangiograms and computed tomography (CT) lymphangiograms were performed on 10 female dogs without intrathoracic disease. Positive contrast lymphagiography was performed by injection into a catheterized mesenteric lymphatic vessel, and lateral thoracic radiographs, ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs, and thoracic CTs were obtained. The number of visible ducts was recorded for each image at the midbody of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9) through the first lumbar vertebra (L1). Data were combined for all dogs at each data acquisition point. Data were analyzed by comparing data from all three images independently, and then by combining data for the radiographs and comparing the study with the highest number of visible duct branches to the CT. Significant differences in numbers of branches were found at T11 and L1. This study suggests that CT may be able to quantify branches of the thoracic duct more accurately than standard radiographic lymphangiography.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ureteral duplication in a dog.

A male neutered dog of unknown age had recurrent urinary tract infection and caudal abdominal pain. Using sonography, large dilated tubular structure filled with echogenic fluid was seen extending from the left kidney to the level of the bladder neck. In an excretory urogram there was left hydronephrosis with a normal ureter. Computed tomographic evaluation of the abdomen confirmed a large tubular structure extending from the kidney with a blind ending caudally. The left kidney, ureter, and associated tubular structure were surgically removed. No connection was found between the tubular structure and the ureter. Gross evaluation and histopathologic evaluation confirmed the tubular structure to be a ureter, consistent with a diagnosis of ureteral duplication.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal mast cell tumor in a dog.

A 6-year-old, spayed female rottweiler was referred for left forelimb lameness followed by tetraparesis. A mast cell tumor compressing the spinal cord at the level of the sixth cervical to first thoracic (C6-T1) vertebrae was diagnosed based on cervical myelography and necropsy findings. This was considered a primary extracutaneous mast cell tumor, as no evidence of disease was found elsewhere. This is the first report of a primary mast cell tumor in this location.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystic thyroid and parathyroid lesions in cats.

Reports of cystic thyroid and parathyroid masses in cats are uncommon. Herein, the authors describe a series of four cats with cystic ventral cervical lesions, among them thyroid cyst (n=1), thyroid cystadenoma (n=2), and parathyroid adenocarcinoma (n=1). Presentations ranged from completely asymptomatic cervical swellings to signs related to local compression of adjacent structures (e.g., trachea). Ultrasonographic evaluation was helpful in localization of the mass in two cases. Hormone analysis and concentration of cystic fluid were performed in one cat. Surgical excision was performed successfully in three cases. Histopathological examination was performed in all four cases. Long-term prognosis was excellent for those cases in which follow-up was available.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The accessory lung lobe in thoracic disease: a case series and anatomical review.

Diseases of the accessory lung lobe (AccLL) are often overlooked in dogs and cats, perhaps because of its recessed location. Diseases of this lobe also can mimic diseases of the diaphragm or structures comprising the caudal mediastinum. Normal anatomy of the AccLL and the diagnostic tools used today will be reviewed to help differentiate disease of adjacent organs. Four cases will also be described to illustrate disease presentation and radiographic findings affecting this lobe.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravesical instillation of dilute formalin for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog.

Intravesical formalin is a known treatment for control of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by multiple etiologies in humans and dogs. This case report documents the successful use of intravesical formalin for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis that occurred secondary to emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog. In addition, a review of emphysematous cystitis and the use of intravesical formalin in human and veterinary medicine is discussed. Formalin instillation into the urinary bladder is an option for life-threatening, refractory cases of hemorrhagic cystitis; but clinicians must be familiar with the proper technique and be aware of potential complications prior to its use.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical utility of pneumogastrography in dogs.

Pneumogastrography utilizes negative contrast media such as air or carbonated beverages to improve visualization of luminal contents and mucosal surfaces within the stomach. Pneumogastrography as a diagnostic technique in cases of gastric disease has not been widely described in the veterinary literature and is a procedure that may yield additional information not obtained from survey radiographs. This technique is useful in the diagnosis of luminal and mucosal gastric diseases. In this article, the pneumogastrography technique and relevant literature are reviewed. Six case examples are included that demonstrate the utility of pneumogastrography in dogs with gastric disease.

Animals↗