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Biomedical subjects

David S Hodgson

Publications and source records attributed to David S Hodgson.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparison of recoveries from anesthesia of horses placed on a rapidly inflating-deflating air pillow or the floor of a padded stall.

OBJECTIVE: To compare recoveries from anesthesia of horses placed on a conventional padded stall floor or on a specially designed air pillow. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 409 horses (> 1 year old) that were anesthetized for surgical procedures during a 37-month period. PROCEDURES: By random allocation, horses were allowed to recover from anesthesia in either a foammat-padded recovery stall or an identical recovery stall equipped with a rapidly inflating-deflating air pillow. All recoveries were videotaped for subsequent analysis by an independent evaluator. Times to first movement, first attempt to attain sternal recumbency, attainment of sternal recumbency, first attempt to stand, and successful standing were recorded. The numbers of attempts before achieving sternal recumbency and standing were counted, and scores for quality of standing and overall recovery were assigned. Recovery-related variables were compared between groups. RESULTS: Compared with horses allowed to recover in a conventional manner, horses that recovered from anesthesia on the air pillow had a significantly longer rest period before attempting to attain sternal recumbency and rise to standing. Once the pillow was deflated, horses were able to stand after significantly fewer attempts and the quality of their standing was significantly better. Between the 2 groups of horses, there was no significant difference in overall recovery quality scores. The air pillow and padded floor systems were equally safe. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that use of a rapidly inflating-deflating air pillow promotes a longer period of recumbency and a better quality of standing after anesthesia in horses.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2006

An inhaler device using liquid injection of isoflurane for short term anesthesia in piglets.

OBJECTIVES: To test a novel inhaler for administering isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia to piglets during castration and other surgical procedures of short duration. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. Animals Fifty-seven male piglets aged 6-10 days, body weight 1.1-3.5 kg. METHODS: An inhaler was developed which consisted of a mask, center body with open-close valve, vaporization chamber with wick and injection port, and a rebreathing bag. Liquid ISO required for induction of anesthesia and surgery was calculated, based on a desired alveolar ISO concentration of 1.82%. Dose was calculated using a square root of time model and metabolic size (B.W. 0.75). For practical use the calculated dose was expressed in relation to scale weight (kg). Isoflurane was delivered into the liquid injection port, followed by oxygen to fill the rebreathing bag and initiate vaporization. After the mask was fitted over the piglet's nose, the sliding open-close valve was opened to allow respiratory flow to move gases in and out of the inhaler and rebreathing bag. Fifty-seven male piglets received anesthesia prior to castration. Morbidity and mortality were assessed relative to unanesthetized litter mates. Induction, recovery and total anesthetic times were measured. End-tidal CO2 was measured immediately after mask removal by capnography. Costs of equipment and anesthetic agent were calculated. RESULTS: Mean induction time was rapid, 47.5 +/-8.7 seconds, generally with minimal or no struggling. Surgery usually lasted less than 30 seconds and was always completed prior to the 120 seconds allotted for induction and surgery. Anesthesia was adequate and recovery time was 122 +/- 44 seconds. Total time from start to standing was 260 +/- 51 seconds. The end-tidal CO2 was 5.2 +/- 1.1 kPa (39.4 +/- 8.4 mmHg). No morbidity or mortality was associated with either group. Inhaler construction costs were below $100, and liquid ISO cost ranged between $0.02 and $0.03 per piglet. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Isoflurane delivered in a novel inhaler has the potential to provide economical, safe, rapid anesthetic induction and safe, smooth recovery in piglets.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

Effects of atracurium on intraocular pressure, eye position, and blood pressure in eucapnic and hypocapnic isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of atracurium on intraocular pressure (IOP), eye position, and arterial blood pressure in eucapnic and hypocapnic dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. ANIMALS: 16 dogs. PROCEDURE: Ventilation during anesthesia was controlled to maintain Paco2 at 38 to 44 mm Hg in group- I dogs (n = 8) and 26 to 32 mm Hg in group-II dogs (8). Baseline measurements for IOP, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Responses to peroneal nerve stimulation were monitored by use of a force-displacement transducer. Atracurium (0.2 mg/kg) was administered i.v. and measurements were repeated at 1, 2, 3, and 5 minutes and at 5-minute intervals thereafter for 60 minutes. RESULTS: Atracurium did not affect IOP, HR, or CVP Group II had higher CVP than group I, but IOP was not different. There was no immediate effect of atracurium on arterial blood pressure. Arterial blood pressure increased gradually over time in both groups. Thirty seconds after administration of atracurium, the eye rotated from a ventromedial position to a central position and remained centrally positioned until 100% recovery of a train-of-four twitch response. The time to 100% recovery was 53.1 +/- 5.3 minutes for group I and 46.3 +/- 9.2 minutes for group II. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Atracurium did not affect IOP or arterial blood pressure in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Hyperventilation did not affect IOP or the duration of effect of atracurium.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine and acepromazine in pregnant cows in late gestation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of sedation achieved by xylazine (XYL) or acepromazine (ACE) on cardiopulmonary function and uterine blood flow in cows in late gestation. ANIMALS: 8 cows between 219 and 241 days of gestation. PROCEDURE: Doses of ACE (0.02 mg/kg) or XYL (0.04 mg/kg) were administered IV. Measurements were obtained to determine cardiopulmonary effects and oxygen delivery to the uterus. RESULTS: Heart rate was not significantly affected by administration of ACE, but it decreased markedly after administration of XYL. Uterine artery flow was decreased at all times by XYL and was always less than for ACE. Xylazine increased uterine vascular resistance through 30 minutes and caused reduced PaO2 and increased PaCO2 at all time periods. Acepromazine caused a 5% decrease in PaO2 only at 5 minutes. Xylazine reduced oxygen delivery by 59% at 5 minutes and 32% at 45 minutes. In contrast, ACE caused a nonsignificant reduction of oxygen delivery by 16% at 15 minutes and a return to baseline values by 45 minutes CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Xylazine markedly reduces flow and availability of oxygenated blood to the uterus, which may critically impair delivery of oxygen to the fetus at a stressful and important time of development or delivery. Acepromazine was associated with slight reductions of much shorter duration. When XYL is used to sedate pregnant cows, it could impose physiologic distress on the fetus and potentially increase fetal morbidity and mortality. When sedation of the dam is desirable, ACE could be an alternative to XYL.

Acepromazine↗