Does every breast lump need to be worked up despite previous diagnoses?
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
Deanna Sanchez Yamamoto
Publications and source records attributed to Deanna Sanchez Yamamoto.
The clinical use of tumor makers in select cancers: are you confident enough to discuss them with your patients?
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the clinical use of tumor markers in select cancers and highlight future directions in tumor marker development. DATA SOURCES: Guidelines from national and international societies, scientific literature, and Internet resources. DATA SYNTHESIS: Tumor markers are important tools in the management of cancer. Sequencing of the human genome has led to new tumor marker development in the fields of proteomics and DNA microarray technologies. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor marker technology is expanding rapidly; almost a dozen tumor markers currently are being used in the oncology arena, with many more in development. The use of tumor markers can be controversial, particularly because guidelines have not been established for all of the markers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Oncology nurses need to be well versed in the use of tumor markers to educate and counsel patients with cancer.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
The attitudes and beliefs of oncology nurse practitioners regarding direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medications.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To obtain information about the knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurse practitioners (ONPs) concerning the effect of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription medications on prescribing patterns. DESIGN: Exploratory survey. SETTING: Oncology Nursing Society Nurse Practitioner Special Interest Group members in the United States. SAMPLE: 221 of 376 ONPs completed the survey (58%). METHODS: Researcher-developed 12-question postal survey. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Knowledge and attitudes of ONPs on DTC advertising effects on prescribing patterns. FINDINGS: The findings were similar to those of previous studies of physicians regarding the number of visits when patients requested DTC-advertised medications. Major differences were the positive attitudes of ONPs toward potentially longer patient visits to explain and educate patients regarding medication requests based on DTC advertising and smaller percentages of ONPs who felt "pressured" to prescribe requested medications. CONCLUSIONS: ONPs have mixed opinions regarding the practice of DTC advertising but do not believe that they are influenced heavily by advertising with regard to prescriptive practices. ONPs consider patient encounters for education purposes as appropriate and include information about requested DTC-advertised medications in their approach to patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: This is an exploratory survey of a specialty group of ONPs. More research is needed to further explore the practice of DTC advertising and potential influences on the prescribing patterns of ONPs. DTC advertising of prescription medications is increasing; ONPs need to increase their knowledge base about the potential for influences of prescriptive practices.
Adult↗
Severe acneiform rash.
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Acneiform Eruptions↗
Cyclooxygenase-2: from arthritis treatment to new indications for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
The discovery of the isoenzymes cyclooxygenase-(COX-) 1 and COX-2 led to the development of newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) designed to block COX-2, such as rofecoxib, celecoxib, and valdecoxib. Because of the specificity of COX-2 expression, COX-2 inhibitors have the potential to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding experienced with the use of classic NSAIDs. With their crucial role in the control of inflammation, the COX-2 agents originally were marketed for the treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. However, promising new indications for COX-2 agents in the prevention and treatment of cancer are under investigation. The role of aberrant COX-2 expression in the development of cancer has been studied most widely in patients with colon cancer and adenomas. Recent studies suggest that COX-2-derived prostaglandins may play an important role in tumor viability, growth, and control of metastasis. Possible new indications for the use of COX-2 inhibitors to prevent and treat cancers may be monumental. However, therapy with these agents is not without risk. Oncology nurses must be aware of the potential problems inherent in the use of COX-2 as well as COX-2 agents for chemoprevention in certain cancers.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
Bisphosphonates: expanded roles in the treatment of patients with cancer.
Bisphosphonates are important inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption seen in patients with bone metastases associated with malignancy. Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of patients with bone metastases and have been shown to reduce skeletal-related events and symptoms, contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life. These agents first were approved in the treatment of patients with osteoporosis and have been used for the past two decades in this role. Because bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, the bone remodeling cycle slows down and an increase in bone mineral density occurs. These agents are useful in treatment for both hypercalcemia and pain, although they have not definitively shown improvement in survival time. Considerable interest exists in the use of bisphosphonates for prevention of bone metastases and their potential antitumor activity. These drugs are well tolerated and have minimal side effects, but they are not inexpensive. This article discusses the role of bisphosphonates in patients with cancer and future directions for further research.
Bone Neoplasms↗