Biomedical subjects

Deepa Mohan

Publications and source records attributed to Deepa Mohan.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Awareness and knowledge of diabetes in Chennai--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study [CURES-9].

BACKGROUND AND AIM: There are virtually no epidemiological studies from India assessing the level of awareness of diabetes in a whole population. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness of diabetes in an urban south Indian population in Chennai. METHODS: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) is an ongoing population based study conducted using a systematic sampling method on a representative population (aged > or = 20 years - 26001 individuals) of Chennai [formerly Madras], the largest city in Southern India. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information related to demography, education and medical history. The questionnaire included five questions on diabetes awareness. RESULTS: Of the total 26,001 individuals, only 75.5% (19642/26001) of the whole population reported that they knew about a condition called diabetes or conversely nearly 25% of the Chennai population was unaware of a condition called diabetes. 60.2% (15656/26001) of all participants and 76.7% (1173/1529) of the self reported diabetic subjects knew that the prevalence of diabetes was increasing in India. Only 22.2% (5764/ 26001) of the whole population and 41.0% (627/1529) of the known diabetic subjects were aware that diabetes could be prevented. Knowledge of the role of obesity and physical inactivity in producing diabetes was very low, with only 11.9% (3083/26001) of study subjects reporting these as risk factors for diabetes. Only 19.0% (4951/26001) of whole population knew that diabetes could cause complications. Even among the self reported diabetic subjects, only 40.6% (621/1529) were aware that diabetes could produce some complications. CONCLUSION: Awareness and knowledge regarding diabetes is still grossly inadequate in India. Massive diabetes education programmes are urgently needed both in urban and rural India.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Validation of body fat measurement by skinfolds and two bioelectric impedance methods with DEXA--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study [CURES-3].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although Asian Indians have been shown to have increased body fat compared to Europeans, there have been very few studies in Asian Indians validating the various methods available for body fat measurement. The aim of this study was to test the validity of body fat measured by two commercial impedance analyzers (leg-to-leg and hand-held) as well as by skinfolds with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method in a population based study in southern India. METHODS: Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured in 162 South Indian urban men (n=76) and women (n=86) randomly selected from the "Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study" (CURES), an ongoing population based study of a representative population of Chennai. The mean age of the subjects was 45.1 +/- 9.0 years and the body mass index ranged from 16.4 - 34.4 kg/m2. Percentage body fat was measured using DEXA, segmental impedance (leg-to-leg: BF%IMP-LEG; and hand-held BF%IMP-HAND) using the manufacturer's software and skinfolds using the prediction equation from the literature (BF%SKFD). RESULTS: Body fat (%) determined by the leg-to-leg method (BF%IMP-LEG 35.10 +/- 7.26) and the skinfolds (BF%SKFD 35.77 +/- 6.06) did not differ significantly from the reference method DEXA (BF%DEXA 35.82 +/- 8.33), but the hand-held impedance method (BF%IMP-HAND 31.38 +/- 6.24) showed significant difference (p < 0.001). The bias for estimation of body fat (%) for the bioimpedance leg-to-leg, hand-held and skinfolds were 0.73 +/- 5.70, 4.45 +/- 4.83 and 0.06 +/- 5.86 respectively. All the three methods showed a fairly good correlation with DEXA (BF%IMP-LEG: r = 0.741, p<0.001; BF%IMP-HAND: r = 0.817, p< 0.001; BF%SKFD: r 0.710, p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study shows that in urban south Indians, measurement of body fat by the leg-to-leg impedance and the skinfold method have better agreement (lower bias) with DEXA than the hand-held impedance. However, all three methods (skinfolds, the leg-to-leg bioelectric impedance and hand-held impedance) show a fairly good correlation with DEXA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2003

Integration of electrokinetic-based multidimensional separation/concentration platform with electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry for proteome analysis of Shewanella oneidensis.

This work focuses on the development of a multidimensional electrokinetic-based separation/concentration platform coupled with electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) for achieving the high resolution and ultrasensitive analysis of complex protein/peptide mixtures. A microdialysis junction is employed as the interface for on-line combination of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with transient capillary isotachophoresis/zone electrophoresis (CITP/CZE) in an integrated platform. Besides the excellent resolving power afforded by both CIEF and CZE separations, the electrokinetic focusing/stacking effects of CIEF and CITP greatly enhance the dynamic range and detection sensitivity of MS for protein identification. The constructed multidimensional separation/concentration platform is demonstrated for the analysis of Shewanella oneidensis proteome, which has considerable implications toward the bioremediation of environmental pollutants. The electrokinetic-based platform offers the overall peak capacity comparable to those obtained using multidimensional chromatography systems, but with a much shorter run time and no need for column regeneration. Most importantly, a total of 1174 unique proteins, corresponding to 26.5% proteome coverage, are identified from the cytosolic fraction of S. oneidensis, while requiring <500 ng of proteolytic digest loaded in the CIEF capillary. The ultrasensitive capabilities of electrokinetic-based proteome approach are attributed to the concentration effect in CIEF, the electrokinetic stacking of CITP, the nanoscale peak volume in CZE, the "accurate mass tag" strategy for protein/peptide identification, and the high-sensitivity, high-resolution, and high-mass measurement accuracy of FTICR-MS.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Extension of separation range in capillary isoelectric focusing for resolving highly basic biomolecules.

The non-availability of commercial carrier ampholytes in the pH range greater than 11 has contributed to difficulties in focusing and resolving highly basic proteins/peptides using capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF). Two different approaches, involving the use of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and ampholyte 9-11, are investigated for their effects on the extension of separation range in cIEF. The addition of TEMED into pharmalyte 3-10 not only prevents the peptides/proteins from focusing in sections of the capillary beyond the detection point, but also extends the separation range to at least isoelectric point (pI) 12. The combination of ampholyte 9-11 with pharmalyte 3-10 surprisingly provides baseline resolution between bradykinin (pI 12) and cytochrome c (pI 10.3). The sample mixture, containing bradykinin, the high-pI protein calibration kit (pI 5.2-10.3), and cytochrome c digest, is employed to demonstrate the cIEF separation of proteins and peptides over a wide pH range of 3.7-12.

Bradykinin↗

PubMed2002

On-line coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing with transient isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis: a two-dimensional separation system for proteomics.

A microdialysis junction is employed as the interface for on-line coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing with transient isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis in a two-dimensional separation system. Capillary isoelectric focusing not only provides high-resolution separation of tryptic peptides based on their differences in isoelectric point, but also potentially allows the analysis of low-abundance proteins with a typical concentration factor of 50-100 times. Carrier ampholytes, employed for the creation of a pH gradient during focusing, are further utilized as the leading electrolyte in the second separation dimension, transient isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis. Many peptides which have the same isoelectric point would most likely have different charge-to-mass ratios, and thus different electrophoretic mobilities in zone electrophoresis. Two-dimensional separation of proteolytic peptides is demonstrated using standard proteins, including cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, and carbonic anhydrase II. The maximum peak capacity is estimated to be around approximately 1600 and can be significantly increased by simply increasing the capillary column length and manipulating the range of pH gradient in isoelectric focusing. In addition to enhanced separation efficiency and resolution, this two-dimensional electrokinetic separation system permits sensitive and comprehensive analysis of peptide fragments, especially when integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for peptide/protein identification.

Amino Acid Sequence↗