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Biomedical subjects

Dev Maulik

Publications and source records attributed to Dev Maulik.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Live three-dimensional echocardiography of the human fetus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a new three-dimensional ultrasound system to perform fetal echocardiographic examination in real time. The device consisted of a Philips Sonos 7500 (Andover, MA) ultrasound system and a 4 MHz, 4X matrix transducer. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and was performed with the informed consent of the mother. The study population consisted of 12 singleton fetuses with gestational ages of 16-37 weeks. Of these, ten fetuses had normal cardiac anatomy, one had complete atrioventricular septal defect, and the other a thickened tricuspid valve. The system allowed comprehensive visualization of fetal cardiac anatomy and color Doppler flow unattainable by two-dimensional approaches. This preliminary investigation suggests that live three-dimensional fetal echocardiography could be a significant tool for prenatal diagnosis and assessment of congenital heart disease in the human fetus.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2002

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: experience at a community teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence, indications, risk factors, and complications associated with emergency peripartum hysterectomy at a community-based academic medical center. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 47 of 48 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy performed at Winthrop-University Hospital from 1991 to 1997. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy was defined as one performed for hemorrhage unresponsive to other treatment less than 24 hours after delivery. Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Cochran-Armitage exact trend test were used for analysis. RESULTS: There were 48 emergency peripartum hysterectomies among 34,241 deliveries for a rate of 1.4 per 1000. Most frequent indications were placenta accreta (48.9%, 12 with previa, 11 without previa), uterine atony (29.8%), previa without accreta (8.5%), and uterine laceration (4.3%). Placenta accreta was the most common indication in multiparous women (58.8%, 20 of 34), uterine atony the most common in primiparas (69.2%, nine of 13). Twenty-two of 23 (95.6%) women with placenta accreta had a previous cesarean delivery or curettage. The number of cesarean deliveries or curettages increased the risk of placenta accreta proportionally. Thirty-eight (80.9%) of the hysterectomies were subtotal. Postoperative febrile morbidity was 34%; other morbidity was 26.3%. CONCLUSION: Placenta accreta has become the most common indication for emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The effect of in utero hypoxia on fetal heart and brain trace metals.

This study determined the effect of in utero hypoxia on fetal heart and brain pro- and antioxidant trace metals. Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (50-60 days gestation) were exposed to 1 h hypoxia (7% O2/93% N2) followed by 4 h reoxygenation in room air. Fetal hearts and brains were harvested and analyzed for copper, iron, magnesium and zinc. Fetal brain iron was significantly increased 28% after hypoxia and 35% by 1 h posthypoxia. Fetal brain magnesium demonstrated progressive decreases of 18% by 4 h posthypoxia. No significant effects of hypoxia were observed on heart trace metals. These results indicate that prooxidant metals may be increased and antioxidant metals may be decreased in posthypoxic fetal brain during a time when these tissues may be vulnerable to oxidative injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of hypoxia on calcium influx and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase activity in cortical neuronal nuclei of the guinea pig fetus during development.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on calcium (Ca(++)) influx and Ca(++)-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM kinase IV) activity in the neuronal nuclei of the guinea pig fetal cerebral cortex during development. STUDY DESIGN: Preterm and term pregnant guinea pigs (n = 61) were exposed to either 21% or 7% oxygen for 60 minutes. Hypoxia in the fetal cerebral cortical tissue was documented by determining the tissue concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine. Fetal cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei were isolated and purified, and ATP-dependent Ca(++) influx and CaM kinase activity were determined. RESULTS: Hypoxia resulted in increased neuronal intranuclear (45)Ca(++) influx for 2 minutes from 6.65 +/- 1.29 pmol/mg protein to 9.07 +/- 1.98 pmol/mg protein (P <.05) in preterm and from 6.65 +/- 1.63 pmol/mg protein to 11.26 +/- 1.79 pmol/mg protein (P <.05) in term fetuses. The hypoxia-induced (45)Ca(++) influx was significantly higher (P <.05) in the term than in the preterm fetuses. Hypoxia resulted in increased CaM kinase IV activity from 383.7 +/- 53.3 pmol/mg/min protein to 451.6 +/- 59.5 pmol/mg/min protein (P <.05) in the preterm and from 364.6 +/- 109.7 pmol/mg/min protein to 487.0 +/- 43.3 pmol/mg/min protein (P < 0.05) in term fetuses. No significant difference was observed in CaM kinase IV activity between the preterm and the term groups. CONCLUSION: Cerebral hypoxia increases calcium influx and CaM kinase IV activity in the cortical neuronal nuclei of the guinea pig fetal brain during development.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2002

Increase in 3-methylhistidine in umbilical cord blood from acidotic fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that acidotic fetuses at birth have an increased catabolic state characterized by a negative nitrogen balance. STUDY DESIGN: Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from a random, prospective series of fetuses at birth. Acidotic samples (pH < 7.20) were matched with normals (pH > or = 7.20) according to maternal and gestational age. 3-Methylhistidine was analyzed in order to assess catabolic breakdown of muscle protein. RESULTS: 3-Methylhistidine was significantly increased (P < .05) in cord blood from acidotic fetuses when compared with controls and correlated negatively (P < .05) with umbilical arterial pH. CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord blood 3-methylhistidine may be used to assess fetal nitrogen balance; acidotic fetuses have increased muscle catabolism.

Acidosis↗