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Biomedical subjects

Donald B Giddon

Publications and source records attributed to Donald B Giddon.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Facial profile preferences of black women before and after orthodontic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study were to determine (1) profile preferences of black female patients and (2) whether they can recognize their own profile images before and after orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Fifteen black orthodontists, 15 white orthodontists, and 15 black female patients were asked to indicate the images they considered most pleasing and to determine a zone of acceptability for 3 black female profiles. Raters used the PERCEPTOMETRICS computer program (Health Programs International, Wellesley, Mass). In addition, the 15 patients were asked to identify their most accurate pretreatment and posttreatment profile images. RESULTS: Analyses of variance showed that the white orthodontists preferred flatter profiles than the black women, who in turn preferred fuller profiles than the black orthodontists. Significant differences in lip position were detected for most pleasing and midpoint of acceptability among the 3 groups of judges, with no significant differences in any variables measured between treatments in rating the 3 images. No significant differences were detected for the magnitude of the zone of acceptability. All 15 black women recalled having fuller profiles than they actually did before treatment, but they could correctly identify their own profile images after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will facilitate the understanding of the physical bases of the esthetic judgments of black and white orthodontists and black female patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Methods to evaluate profile preferences for the anteroposterior position of the mandible.

INTRODUCTION: Facial profile disharmonies in the anteroposterior (AP) position of the mandible are among the most frequent reasons that patients seek orthodontic treatment. Various methods are available for assessing profile preferences, and differences between them could affect treatment decisions. The purposes of this study were to compare and contrast 3 methods of evaluating profile preferences for the AP position of the mandible. METHODS: Facial profile preferences of white orthodontists (n = 28) and white (n = 56) and Japanese-American (n = 55) laypeople were evaluated. The esthetic significance of variations in the AP position of the mandible was investigated by using 3 methods: a traditional semantic differential scale, the Perceptometrics method (Health Programs Intl, Wellesley, Mass), and the implicit association test (IAT). RESULTS: Findings from the semantic differential scale show that, overall, there is a general preference among orthodontists and laypeople for an orthognathic profile (P <.001). Findings from the Perceptometrics method indicate that orthodontists consider the most pleasing profile to be more forward than do lay subjects (P <.001). The IAT results show a positive bias among all 3 groups toward orthognathic profiles and a negative bias toward profiles with mandibular retrognathism or prognathism. The IAT suggested that laypeople were more tolerant of mandibular prognathism in men than in women (P <.01), and more tolerant of mandibular retrognathia in white women than in men (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the benefits of using both implicit and explicit methods to assess facial profile preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Profile preferences of Korean American orthodontic patients and orthodontists.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in preference for Korean American facial profiles among Korean American orthodontic patients with 2 levels of acculturation, Asian American orthodontists, and Caucasian orthodontists. METHODS: Images of 1 male and 1 female Korean American adult were animated to move parts of the faces from an extreme retrusive position to an extreme protrusive position by using the Perceptometrics computer program. Three movies were created of the nose, lips, and chin for each image. Three groups of judges, ie, 18 Korean American orthodontic patients, 17 Asian orthodontists, and 18 Caucasian orthodontists selected the most pleasing position and the zone of acceptability as a measure of tolerance. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between Caucasian orthodontists and Korean American orthodontic patients for the most pleasing and midpoint of acceptability positions of female nose and male chin, with no differences in the zone of acceptability position among the groups. CONCLUSION: In general, the Korean American orthodontic patients preferred a more protrusive nose on the female image and more retrusive chin on the male image than Caucasian orthodontists for the most pleasing and midpoint of acceptability positions, with similar zone of acceptability for all 3 groups.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2005

Preferences for facial profiles between Mexican Americans and Caucasians.

The objective of this study was to determine differences between Mexican American and Caucasian judges in the acceptability of lip protrusion in computer animations of two male and two female persons of Mexican descent. Thirty Caucasians and 30 Mexican Americans of varying age, sex, education, and level of acculturation responded to facial profile computer animations that moved lips from an extreme protrusive to an extreme retrusive position. Judges were asked to complete two tasks: (1) to press the mouse button when the image was perceived to be most pleasing (MP) and (2) to determine the boundaries of a zone of acceptability (ZA) of lip protrusion by pressing the mouse button when the moving image became acceptable and releasing it when the image of the protrusion became unacceptable. In general, Mexican Americans preferred upper or lower lip positions to be less protrusive than did Caucasians. Larger mean ZAs for both upper and lower lip positions with male computer animation images and lower lip position for female computer animation images were found among Caucasians when compared with low-acculturated Mexican Americans. A significant mean difference in midpoint of acceptability (MA) for lip position between Caucasians and low-acculturated Mexican Americans was observed for both upper and lower lip position with female computer animation images.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Should dentists become 'oral physicians'? Yes, dentists should become 'oral physicians'.

In summary, a new designation for the dental profession is warranted, not because paramedical professionals have done it, but because the new designation is appropriate for what they are able to do. Moreover, it can be done now with little resistance or fanfare. As has been suggested by others, changing the name "dentist" to the name "oral physician" would result in several benefits: dentists' being recognized as providers of services such as tobacco-use cessation, oral cancer screenings, nutritional counseling and, most recently, as a major health care resource for dealing with bioterrorism; the public's visiting dental professionals for services other than traditional dental procedures; the profession's being more likely to teach and provide services outside of traditional dental procedures; third-party payers' being more likely to pay for services other than traditional dental procedures; the improvement in the public's oral health that would result from patients' visiting "oral physicians" for services other than traditional dental procedures.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2002

Investigation of previously reported mucosal swellings after injection with Citanest Forte.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reason for an apparent increase in the number of mucosal swellings after maxillary infiltration with Citanest Forte (prilocaine HCl 4% solution with epinephrine 1:200,000), 2 years after its introduction in 1971 by Astra Pharmaceutical Co (now AstraZeneca) in the United States. Approximately 70% of these reported reactions were from California, where less than 11% of all cartridges were sold. Comparison with New York State, with 27% of total sales but less than 1% of the reactions, suggested that possible differences in practice characteristics were responsible for the swellings. On the basis of the Bureau of Economic Research and Statistics Survey of Dental Practice, dentists in the Far West (eg, California) were found to schedule appointments with a median length of approximately twice that of their Mid-East colleagues, the implication being that more anesthetic solution was injected per office visit. Follow-up telephone interviews of dentists reporting such reactions at that time verified that they administered more than the recommended 1.8-mL dose. The most important epidemiologic information was that prilocaine HCl 4% solution with epinephrine 1:200,000 had been on sale in Canada 4 years before it was introduced in the US market, with little or no evidence of drug-related effects. Comparison of the US and Canadian prilocaine HCl with epinephrine 1:200,000 specifications revealed that NaCl was added to an already hypertonic prilocaine solution in the US but not in Canada. Comparison of the responses to intradermal injection of US and Canadian prilocaine solutions into the backs of rabbits with follow-up studies of dose-related NaCl injections demonstrated that the added NaCl was responsible for the onset and duration of irritation from the initially marketed US Citanest solutions.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗