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Biomedical subjects

E A Fanning

Publications and source records attributed to E A Fanning.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Tuberculosis among institutionalized elderly in Alberta, Canada.

Previous studies in the US have suggested that the risk of tuberculosis is increased among elderly residents of nursing homes. This registry-based study determined and compared the tuberculosis incidence rate for the elderly in nursing homes and community dwellings in Alberta, Canada, over the 5-year period 1979-1983. Rate ratios (RR) using the community elderly rate as baseline, were estimated for all notified cases and for culture positive cases only. Adjustment was made for the variables age, sex, and ethnicity. The nursing home elderly in Alberta did not have an increased risk of tuberculosis: adjusted RR = 1.09, 95% CI : 0.38-1.80.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for open heart operations.

Between 1986 and 1988, 450 adults undergoing coronary artery bypass, cardiac valve replacement, or both were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, comparative trial of cephalothin versus cefamandole as perioperative prophylaxis. They were assessed during their hospitalization and at 6 weeks and 6 months after discharge for postoperative infectious complications. Eleven patients had major postoperative infections including 5 with sternal wound infections (three bacteremic), 6 with bacteremia, 1 with prosthetic valve endocarditis, and 3 with severe venous donor graft site infections. Eight major infections occurred in patients receiving cephalothin prophylaxis and three in patients receiving cefamandole, with all five sternal wound infections occurring in the cephalothin group. Postoperative pathogens responsible for the major infections included gram-negative aerobes in 5 patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 4, and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 2. Preoperative colonizing staphylococcal isolates were not predictive of postoperative staphylococcal pathogens. Although there was no statistically significant difference in rate of major postoperative infectious complications using either cephalothin or cefamandole prophylaxis, there was a trend in favor of cefamandole. Gram-negative aerobes are becoming increasingly important pathogens in this setting.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Childhood lymphadenitis in a harsh northern climate due to atypical mycobacteria.

Between 1979 and 1983, 16 patients under 15 years of age living within 480 km of Edmonton, Alberta (latitude 53 degrees 34' N) were seen with cervical lymphadenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria. During this period only 4 cases of cervical lymphadenitis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurred in the same age and geographical grouping. Young children age 1-4 years accounted for most cases (14/16). The onset showed no seasonal preponderance and the nodal enlargement was either asymptomatic (8/16) or associated with only minor systemic symptoms. M. avium intracellulare scrofulaceum (6 cases) or M. avium intracellulare (4 cases) were identified on cultures from the infected node. In the remaining cases characteristic histopathology and acid fast bacilli were seen on biopsy specimens but no organisms could be cultured. Surgery was employed in all cases either for diagnosis or for therapy. This series demonstrates that atypical mycobacteria may cause childhood lymphadenitis throughout the year in a harsh inland Northern climate. The etiological pathogen can be difficult to culture but complete surgical excision of the infected node is usually curative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Handicapped children: behavioural and co-ordination characteristics affecting the delivery of dental care.

Statistical analysis of data from a field survey of 132 handicapped children confirmed that a questionnaire approach is reliable in identifying children with potential behavioural and co-ordination problems within a dental environment. Assessment of the behaviour and co-ordination of 2,082 handicapped children aged 3-16 years, inclusive, suggested that approximately 53 per cent were manageable in a normal dental surgery and 79 per cent had the necessary co-ordination for routine dental care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

South Australian kindergarten children: effects of fluoride tablets and fluoridated water on dental caries in primary teeth.

Dental examinations of approximately 5,000 kindergarten children each year over a seven-year period provided the data for a comparative study of the effects of fluoride tablets and fluoridated water on primary teeth. The lifetime use of fluoridated water resulted in caries-free teeth in 80 per cent of children aged 3-4 years, 67 per cent of those aged 4-5 years, and 55 per cent of those aged 5-6 years. After a lifetime use of daily fluoride tablets the percentages were 87, 74, and 72, respectively. When neither fluoridated water nor tablets were available, the percentages were 69, 49, and 41, respectively. Water fluoridation is the most efficient public health measure because only seventeen per cent of the children taking tablets received them daily throughout life.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

The dental care of handicapped children in South Australia.

Sixty-two per cent of handicapped children had a dentist willing to provide treatment; 55 per cent and 41 per cent were examined and were treated at least annually. Approximately 58 per cent were reported by their guardians to be manageable in general dental practice. Treatment was provided under general anaesthesia for 29 per cent of the children, although 39 per cent were considered by their guardians to require this procedure. Factors related to type and frequency of dental treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The handicapped child population in South Australia in 1975.

A survey of 2,212 handicapped children was conducted in South Australia to provide basic information so that a dental service could be planned. The prevalence of various specified conditions is presented for both single and combined disabilities. The distribution of the various conditions between the sexes has been analysed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

South Australian kindergarten children: fluoride tablet supplements and dental caries.

A study of 4,278 country and city kindergarten children living in South Australia showed 63 and 59 per cent received fluoride tablets at some time and 17 per cent received daily doses. Lower dmf scores were found in those taking fluoride tablets but of decreasing value in the older children. Where no fluoride was taken zero dmf scores were 41-69 per cent. Protection from fluoride was not found where fluoride was taken for less than two years. Self administration appears to be an unsatisfactory method for fluoride therapy.

Age Factors↗