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Biomedical subjects

E A Geden

Publications and source records attributed to E A Geden.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A theory of dependent-care: a corollary theory to Orem's theory of self-care.

Dependent-care has its origins in people's requirements for regulatory care. The foundations for dependent-care are found in the ability of individuals to provide their required care. First introduced as a corollary to self-care, this work emerged through a process of reading and discussion. Models that support the theory of dependent-care are identified. Premises are stated. There is elaboration of the conceptualizations representing the work that has been done. There are still elements that need further development, such as specifying the enabling abilities of dependent-care agency and verifying and formalizing the various elements presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Theoretical and empirical description of adult couples' collaborative self-care systems.

Couples' collaborative care systems wherein work of self-care is shared are described from the perspective of Orem's nursing theory. Couples (N = 108) completed two forms of the Self-As-Carer Inventory: their perception of their own and of their partner's self-care agency. Each completed the Couple Form of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales and self-reports of health at this moment and of health in general. The person identified by the couple as having more caregiving responsibilities completed the Caregiver Reciprocity Scale. Stepwise multiple regression yielded a three-variable model (cohesion, dyad gender, and health now), which explained 27% of the variance of collaborative care system score. A collaborative care system model is proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Effects of policy manual reorganization on user proficiency.

This study compared the proficiency of nurses who located policies in a traditional, alphabetically arranged policy manual vs. a reorganized, indexed manual. Nurses were asked to locate policy statements that would resolve issues presented in three vignettes that were typical of the decisions nurses must regularly make. Answers were scored as correct or incorrect; time to respond and search strategies were also recorded. Data analyses show the overall superiority of the reorganized, indexed manual.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1990

Effects of anxiety on family members of patients with cardiac disease learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The effects of anxiety on learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by family members of patients with cardiac disease was examined. Family members of hospitalized patients (n = 17), family members of nonhospitalized patients (n = 12), and a control group (n = 21) all took one of nine Heart Saver programs in which CPR was taught and performance evaluated. Subjects took the State Anxiety Inventory three times: immediately before the program, immediately after the performance test, and 2 months after completion of the program. Family members of hospitalized patients had significantly higher before-program anxiety scores than the other groups. This difference was not present immediately after the program or 2 months later. Family members of hospitalized patients showed a significant decline in anxiety over the three testing times. These outcomes support the benefit of teaching CPR to this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk for noncompliance with salicylate treatment regimens.

Recent studies indicate the adherence of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to their treatment regimens is poor. Management of this problem depends on identification of noncompliant patients, followed by interventions to increase their level of adherence. In this study, 63 patients with RA receiving salicylate drugs completed a questionnaire during an outpatient visit. The questionnaire contained items believed to be predictive of future compliance, including patient self-predictions regarding future compliance, ratings of behavior in similar situations and barriers to compliance, such as ease of transportation to the clinic. Compliance was estimated via a salicylate assay that was taken during a subsequent outpatient appointment. Multivariate analyses of our data revealed that significant predictions could be made regarding future compliance, with 75% of the noncompliant patients correctly identified. Variables contributing significantly included behavioral self-predictions and a measure of current behavior in similar situations, as assessed by a salicylate assay that was collected during the 1st outpatient visit.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

Personal space preferences of hospitalized adults.

The questions addressed in this study were whether hospitalized adults' personal space preferences (PSP) differed between the hospital and home setting and whether these patients assigned different PSP to a nurse, doctor, family member, or stranger. The effects of age and sex of the subjects were also examined. Sixty subjects (30 men and 30 women) meeting selected criteria participated. The figure-placement technique (Little, 1965; Guardo, 1976) was used to measure PSP. Data were analyzed using a four-factor ANOVA (age X sex X role X setting) with repeated measures on the last two factors. Main effects were found fer setting, F(1,54) = 11.54, p less than .001, and role, F(3,162) = 112.95, p less than .0001; no other variables approached statistical significance. The major findings indicated that preferred distances in the hospital were smaller than in the home and that in both settings the family member was placed closest to the "self" silhousette followed by a doctor, nurse, and stranger, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of glucosuria in the first- and second-voided specimens and the time of day as tested by four commercial testing products.

The questions addressed in this study were whether testing first- and second-voided urine specimens yielded different results and whether selected commercial testing product (Clinitest 2 drop, Clinitest 5 drop, Tes-Tape, and Keto-Diastix) yielded similar estimates of glucosuria. Twenty adult diabetic experiencing glucosuria served as subjects. First- and second-voided specimens were collected before meals and before retiring. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures on all factors. The findings indicated significant main effects for product type, F (3,57) = 7.61, p = .0004, and time of day, F (3,57) = 8.60, p = .0002. The main effect for first- and second-voided specimens did not approach significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Preparation for labor: a historical perspective.

A historical analysis of the literature pertaining to psychoprophylaxis demonstrates that contemporary treatment methods have diverse and complex origins. Although many training manuals are presented as outlines of the "Lamaze" method, historical evidence indicates that Grantly Dick-Read (Natural Childbirth. London, Heinemann, 1933; Childbirth Without Fear. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1944), an English obstetrician, made the most substantive contributions to this area. Although Fernand Lamaze is generally regarded as the pre-eminent authority on psychoprophylaxis, a comparison of his 1958 text with the original Soviet source (I. Velvovsky et al., (Eds.), Painless Childbirth Through Psychoprophylaxis, Moscow, Foreign Languages Publ. House, 1960) demonstrates that he deleted and modified substantial portions of the treatment regimen and failed to keep abreast of developments in Soviet theory. Neither Dick-Read, Velvovsky et al. or Lamaze (Painless Childbirth. London, Burke, 1958) present data which permit cause and effect conclusions regarding treatment and outcome. By the same token, none of these authors demonstrated interest in the empirical validation of their theories regarding pain, anxiety, or fear reduction.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postepisiotomy pain: warm versus cold sitz bath.

A repeated measure experimental design (N = 20) was used to assess the effectiveness of a warm versus cold sitz bath in relieving postepisiotomy pain. Sensation, distress, edema, and hematoma ratings were obtained pre- and posttreatments. Both therapies were found comparable, with the exception that the cold bath was significantly more effective in reducing edema. Recommendations for further clinical research are presented. The recommendation for practice is that patients be offered a choice of therapies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of music and imagery on physiologic and self-report of analogued labor pain.

Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of music on analogued labor pain using volunteer nulliparous subjects who were randomly assigned to treatment groups (n = 10 per group). Assessments of the treatments were made in a 1-hour session involving twenty 80-second exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus patterned to resemble labor contractions. In the first experiment, it was hypothesized that subjects listening to easy-listening music would report lower pain ratings and cardiovascular responses than subjects listening to rock music, self-selected music, or a dissertation (placebo-attention) and subjects in a no-treatment control group. No significant group effects were found; significant time effects were found for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Subjects spontaneously reported using imagery as a pain reduction technique. In the second study a combination of music and imagery was examined by randomly assigning subjects to one of five groups: self-generated imagery with music (SIM), guided imagery with music (GIM), self-generated imagery without music (SI), guided imagery without music (GI), or no-treatment control. Again, no significant group effects were obtained. Significant time effects were obtained for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cognitive and pharmacologic strategies on analogued labor pain.

Using an analogued labor pain procedure, the efficacy of combinations of five cognitive and one pharmacologic approach to pain management was examined. Nulliparous undergraduates (N = 120) were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 groups. Cognitive groups included: systematic desensitization (SYS DENS); sensory description (SEN DESC); sensory transformation (ST); modeling (M); and relaxation (R); combined groups: SYS DENS, SEN DESC, and ST; SEN DESC, ST, and R; SEN DESC, R, ST, and Demerol. Pharmacologic groups included expected Demerol, did not expect Demerol, placebo, and no treatment control. Subjects assigned to a cognitive group received two 1-hour training sessions 1 week apart. Remaining subjects were given the assigned pharmacologic treatment one-half hour prior to the exposure to the painful stimulus. Assessment of the cognitive and pharmacologic approaches were made in a 1-hour session involving twenty 80-second exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus patterned to resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self-reported pain, blood pressure, frontalis electromyograph, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Significant treatment by trials and treatment effects were found for self-reported pain. No other effects achieved statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactional styles of nurse practitioners and physicians regarding patient decision making.

The purpose of this study was to describe interactional styles used by nurse practitioners and physicians in their attempts to influence patients' decision making. The ethical concepts of paternalism, maternalism, and shared decision making (operationalized as command, consequence, and concordance, respectively) formed the conceptual framework for the analysis of the interactions. Videotaped interactions of 85 physicians and 42 nurse practitioners in either joint or solo practice were analyzed. Tests of a priori hypotheses using hierarchical log-linear modeling yielded the following significant results: Males and physicians in solo practice used more command statements and fewer consequence statements than females and nurse practitioners in solo practice, who used fewer command statements and more consequence statements. All groups used more command/consequence statements than concordance statements.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Energy expenditure during leg exercise programs.

Comparisons of the effects of three exercise programs (active, passive, and isometric) and a rest program (control) on energy expenditure (oxygen consumption), heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were made. Thirty-six volunteers (18 men and 18 women) between the ages of 25 and 35 participated. Repeated measures ANOVAs (sex by program by time) were used to analyze the data. Significant program by time effects were obtained on oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure. In general, pair-wise comparisons indicate that for oxygen consumption and heart rate the isometric and active programs were comparable and significantly more demanding than either the passive or rest programs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of lifting techniques on energy expenditure: a preliminary investigation.

A preliminary study of the effects of different lifting techniques (mechanical lift, rocking axillary, self-lift, shoulder-assist, and straight-pull) was conducted. Fourteen female subjects participated. Measures of oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded at six one-minute intervals during baseline and lift phases. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted on each measure for each phase using a two-factor repeated factor. In the baseline phase, no significant differences were obtained for the lift factor. The time factor yielded significant main effects for oxygen consumption, p less than .0001, and heart rate, p less than .0001. These effects were associated with one and two minutes following the subject's return to bed. In the lift phase, significant main effects were obtained for lift and time factors on oxygen consumption, p less than .0005 and p less than .0001. Significant main effects were obtained for the time factor on heart rate, p less than .0001, respiratory rate, p less than .0006, and systolic blood pressure, p less than .0045. Finally, a significant main effect was noted for the lift factor on diastolic blood pressure, p less than .022. These findings suggest that the mechanical lift is the most taxing on the person being lifted.

Analysis of Variance↗