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Biomedical subjects

E A Ilyin

Publications and source records attributed to E A Ilyin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The effect of hypergravity on carcinogenesis in mice.

In recent years, investigators began studying the effect of hypergravity on pathological developments in the animal and human body. It was shown that a regular exposure of tail suspended rats to normal gravity diminished osteopenia and muscle atrophy. Moderate gravitational loading produced by a G-suit dramatically increased the therapeutic success rate in children with cerebral palsy. Rotation of patients with obliterating endarteritis and limb bone fractures in a short-radius centrifuge in hospitals of the city of Samara (Russia) yielded promising results. The purpose of our investigations was to investigate the effects of hypergravity on chemically induced carcinogenesis in mice. We hypothesized that gravitational loading may produce a generalized effect on the animal body and thus to enhance its nonspecific anti-tumor resistance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Historical overview of the Bion project.

The Bion project was initiated in 1970 and became the longest space research project in existence. Its primary goal was to perform theoretical and applied research on animals and other specimens flown onboard dedicated unmanned space vehicles, termed biosatellites. The Bion project included flights of 11 biosatellites carrying Wistar rats, rhesus monkeys, and other representatives of the animal and plant worlds. Scientists and engineers from many different countries have taken part in these Bion experiments.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Bion 11 mission: primate experiments.

A summary is provided of the major operations required to conduct the wide range of primate experiments on the Bion 11 mission, which flew for 14 days beginning December 24, 1996. Information is given on preflight preparations, including flight candidate selection and training; attachment and implantation of bioinstrumentation; flight and ground experiment designs; onboard life support and test systems; ground and flight health monitoring; flight monkey selection and transport to the launch site; inflight procedures and data collection; postflight examinations and experiments; and assessment of results.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

Space flight experiment on Chinese silkworm on board the Russian 10th Biosatellite.

Space flight experiments on Chinese silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) were conducted on board the Russian 10th Biosatellite for 12 days. The samples included silkworm eggs, larvae, cocoons, pupae and moths. The processes of spinning, cocooning, mating, oviposition, larval hatching, pupation and moth emergence all completed well in space. The following effects of space flight on silkworm development were observed: The times of hatching and oviposition in the flight group were 2 to 3 days earlier than in the control group; the hatching rate of diapause eggs during space flight seemed higher than that of the control group; the life span of 2 of the 7 varieties flown was shortened; genetical variations appeared in 3 varieties. The results showed that the embryonic stage was probably the period most sensitive to the space flight environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Human factor in manned Mars mission.

This paper presents the set of specific problems in manned Mars mission, connected with human factor, and scientific approaches for their resolution. The concept of multifunctional medical Complex for Martian spacecraft is discussed.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1991

Concept of "Medilab" orbital bio-medical laboratory.

This paper discusses goals and objectives of the Soviet project to build an orbital bio-medical laboratory "Medilab". Special attention is given to the programme of scientific and practical use, design, structure and information support of the dedicated space laboratory.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Microgravity and musculoskeletal system of mammals.

This review surveys data in the literature and our own findings concerning the effects of weightlessness on bones and muscles of white rats flown on Cosmos biosatellites and Spacelab-3. It has been shown that the magnitude and sign of functional changes in muscles depend on their biomechanical profile. Structural and metabolic foundations of functional adaptation and its dynamics have been identified: in 5-7 day flights muscle contractility changes are mainly associated with a diminished activity of excitation-contraction coupling, in longer-term flights they are produced by changes in myosin populations specific for myofibers of different functional profile. At early flight stages (up to 1 week) osteoporosis and bone demineralization are very mild; therefore decrease in bone mechanical strength may be caused by changes in physico-chemical parameters of the collagen-crystal system. In flights of up to 3 weeks noticeable osteoporosis develops which is primarily produced by osteogenesis inhibition and which is responsible for a marked decrease of bone strength. These changes may result from uncoupling of bone resorption and remodelling processes. This uncoupling is characterized as incomplete osteogenesis and may be caused by changes in the collagen composition of the organic bone matrix. The above-mentioned adaptive changes in muscle functions of specific skeletal compartments may play a role in different responses of various bones to weightlessness.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Investigations onboard the biosatellite Cosmos-1667.

The program of the 7-day flight of the biosatellite Cosmos-1667 launched in July 1985 included experiments on two rhesus monkeys, ten Wistar SPF rats, ten newts, Drosophila flies, maize seedlings, lettuce sprouts, and unicellular organisms--Tetrahymena. The primate study demonstrated that transition to orbital flight was accompanied by a greater excitability of the vestibular apparatus and an increased linear blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery. The rat studies showed that atrophy of antigravity muscles and osteoporosis of limb bones developed even during short-term exposure to microgravity. The experiments on other living systems revealed no microgravity effects on the cell division rate, proliferative activity of cells of regenerating tissues and organs, energy metabolism of developing insects, structure or chemical composition of higher plant seedlings.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1983

Investigations on biosatellites of the Cosmos series.

Over the past decade, the USSR has launched six biosatellites of the Cosmos series. The first biosatellite flew 6 d; the remaining five flew 18-21 d. The principal purpose of this investigation was to continue studies on the adaptation of living systems to weightlessness; to investigate the modifying effect of weightlessness on the organism's radiosensitivity; and, to examine the biological effects of artificial gravity. The investigations involved 37 kinds of biological models; rats were the principal test models. It was established that weightlessness induces in the organism symptoms of moderately pronounced stress together with a number of other specific changes. First and foremost are changes in the locomotor system (atrophy of the muscles and lowered mechanical strength of the bones, as examples). An artificial gravity of 1 G employed during space flight helps preserve the "terrestrial" rate of functioning of most physiological systems in the organism. The irradiation of rats during space flight from the Cesium-137 isotope revealed no tangible modifying effect of weightlessness on the course of radiation injuries. No distinct effect of weightlessness on the intracellular processes of vital activity has yet been observed. Contradictory results have been obtained in the growth and development of organisms during weightlessness.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Age-related reactions of rat bones to their unloading.

The effect was investigated of continued growth of animals on bone formation and resorption under conditions when their musculoskeletal systems were unloaded. Studied were rats aged 1, 2.5, and 6 months. To provide the unloading, the rats were suspended at an angle so that their hindlimbs did not touch the floor. After 22 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the length and width of the diaphysis of the femoral bone and its calcium content were measured. Bone reactions to the suspension were found to be age-dependent. The rats of 2.5 months showed the highest and the rats of 6 months the lowest increase in bone reabsorption at the side of the bone-marrow canal and in reduction of the cortical layer. With age, calcium decrease in the femur of suspended rats became less pronounced compared to controls. The age-related bone reactions to the musculoskeletal unloading must be taken into consideration when planning and conducting rat studies.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Study of physiological effects of weightlessness and artificial gravity in the flight of the biosatellite Cosmos-936.

In the 18.5-day flight of the Soviet biosatellite Cosmos-936 (3-22, August 1977) com-parative investigations of the physiological effects of prolonged weightlessness (20 rats) and artificial gravity of 1 g (10 rats) were carried out. Throughout the flight artificial gravity was generated by means of animal rotation in two centrifuges with a radius of 320mm. Postflight examination of animals and treatment of the flight data were performed by Soviet scientists in collaboration with the specialists from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, France and the U.S.A. During the flight the total motor activity of the weightless rats was higher and their body temperature was lower than those of the centrifuged animals. Postflight examination of the weightless rats showed a greater percentage of errors during maze an increase in water intake and a decrease in diuresis; a fall of the resistance of peripheral red cells; an increase in the conditionally pathogenic microflora in the mouth; a decrease of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and energy expenditures; a drop in the static physical endurance; a decline in the capacity to keep balance on the rail; an increase in the latent period of the lifting reflex, etc. The centrifugal animals displayed lesser or no change of the above type. These findings together with the biochemical and morphological data give evidence that during and after flight adaptive processes in the centrifuged rats developed better.

Adaptation, Physiological↗