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Biomedical subjects

E A Kogan

Publications and source records attributed to E A Kogan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Expression of pp60c-src in human small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas.

c-src protein was found in 60% of lung carcinomas (20 of 33 cases or primary tumours) by immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody (Mab 327) and immunohistochemistry with serum from rabbits bearing tumours induced by Rous sarcoma virus. src protein expression was assessed in 4 small cell lung carcinomas and in an atypical carcinoid of neuroendocrine origin. However, pp60c-src was also found in non-small cell lung carcinomas: in 60-80% of adenocarcinomas and bronchiolo-alveolar cancers and in 50% of squamous cell carcinomas. In the squamous cell carcinomas, src protein was expressed more frequently in poorly differentiated than in well and moderately differentiated carcinomas. Expression of pp60c-src was not found in epithelial cells of histologically unchanged lung tissues. These results show that pp60c-src may be activated in human lung carcinomas of different histopathological types.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Sclerosis and carcinogenesis].

Morphological analysis of the sclerotic changes in peripheral lung carcinoma (PLC) and nephrosclerosis in renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) established a promoting role of sclerosis in carcinoma development. The pneumosclerosis role as a background process in the PLC development is proved by the following facts: high proportion (83%) of the carcinoma in the scar among PLC; identity of the scar collagen composition in PLC and that in metatuberculosis and metapneumonic pneumosclerosis foci; detection of metatuberculosis foci in 75% of PLC; the presence of the precancerous changes in the epithelium entrapped in the pneumosclerotic foci, not only with signs of morphological atypia, but with the disturbance of nuclear DNA and cellular oncogene expression as well. The association of RCC with nephrosclerosis is shown by a high proportion (82.7%) of the RCC development against the background of nephrosclerosis; the dependence of the so-called cortical adenoma development on the degree of nephrosclerosis; epithelial proliferation in the nephrosclerotic foci with the appearance of undifferentiated cells with the altered DNA content and the expression of cytokeratins and vimentine. Carcinoma morphogenesis against the background of sclerosis may be described as follows: development of sclerosis (focal and/or diffuse), the appearance of the focal epithelial hyperplasia in the scar, dysplasia or adenoma and finally carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis and bronchioloalveolar cancer].

A case of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC) developing in the presence of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) in a man of 67 with a long history of pulmonary lesion is described. A honeycomb bung was found at the autopsy. Histologically, multiple foci of BAC of mixed-cell structure and those of mucus-producing cells against the background of fibrosing alveolitis at the stage of honeycomb lung were observed. An increased content of collagen type III, IV and V was found immunohistochemically. The role of sclerotic changes and defected immunological surveillance over the epithelial regeneration in the IFA-affected lung in relevant carcinoma genesis is suggested. The origin of the lung carcinoma in IFA is considered to be the regenerating epithelium of the low respiratory tract.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1991

[The extracellular matrix of peripheral lung cancer in the scar and of pneumosclerosis of different origins (the immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the collagens)].

Collagen types and ultrastructural features of the stroma and scar extracellular matrix in the peripheral lung carcinoma, post-tuberculosis and post-pneumonia pneumosclerosis foci, fibrosing alveolitis interstitium were studied on the material of operational and transbronchial lung biopsies. It is established that by the collagen composition the scars in the peripheral carcinoma are identical to the pneumosclerosis foci and are distinguished from the carcinoma stroma by a higher concentration of type IV and V collagens (p less than 0.05). Accumulation of type III collagen in the lung carcinoma stroma reflects anaplasia of the tumour as the domination of type III collagen is characteristic of the embryonal tissue. The decrease of collagen type IV in the cancer stroma correlates with an increase of its malignancy. Pneumosclerosis in the fibrosing alveolitis is distinct from the focal forms of pneumosclerosis by a higher content of collagen I and a lower content of collagen V this being probably due to the character of sclerosis morphogenesis in this disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1991

[Peripheral small cell carcinoma, atypical and typical lung carcinoids (morphologic features, cell oncogene expression, DNA histospectrophotometry)].

Morphogenetic and molecular-biological features of the lung peripheral tumours (small-cell carcinoma, atypical and typical carcinoid) were studied on the surgical material from 68 patients. Spectrum of histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical (immunohistochemistry of oncoproteins c-fos, c-myc, c-ras, c-sis and c-src) methods, DNA histospectrophotometry by plug-method, electron microscopy, semithin section morphometry, statistical and correlation analysis were used. Small-cell carcinoma is shown to be a heterogeneous group of tumours that includes tumours with endocrine cell differentiation, endocrine and epidermoid and/or glandular, undifferentiated cell carcinoma. Lymphocyte-like carcinoma and intermediate cell carcinoma with endocrine cell differentiation are distinguished from other types of lung carcinoma by their low, sometimes diploid DNA content that does not correlate with its malignancy as well as by a low level of expression of cell oncogenes c-fos, c-ras, c-sis. Small-cell carcinoma with endocrine cell differentiation, atypical and typical lung carcinoids represent a unique histogenetic group of endocrine lung tumours that differ from each other by the degree of anaplasia.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1991

[The detection of the c-src protein gene product in human lung tumors].

Immunoblotting and immunochemistry were used to study the expression of a c-src gene-encoded protein in human lung tumors. The authors were the first to identify this otherwise rarely expressed protooncogene in as many as 60% of lung malignancies of various histogenesis. The expression of c-src protein was increased not only in neuroendocrine tumors (small-cell cancer and atypical carcinoid) but also in non-small-cell tumors such as adenocarcinoma, bronchoalveolar and squamous-cell lung cancer. A weak correlation between protein expression and degree of cell differentiation was established for squamous-cell tumors. The study failed to identify the oncoprotein in the normal tissue and benign lesions. Immunoblotting using Mab 327 monoclonal antibodies and the immunohistochemical method employing TBR polyclonal serum yielded similar data. To summarize, an increased expression of pp60c-src was observed in lung cancer of various histology.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

[Intrathoracic and generalized granulomatosis in chronic diffuse liver diseases caused by the hepatitis B virus].

In 7 patients suffering from chronic diffuse liver diseases, they were combined with intrathoracic (3 patients) and generalized (4 patients) granulomatosis. Acute viral hepatitis or risk factors of infecting hepatitis viruses revealed in the case reports of 5 patients preceded the appearance of the signs of both lung and pulmonary damage. In 2 patients (without any indications in the case report to acute viral hepatitis and risk factors of infecting by hepatitis viruses) both the processes were established at a time. HBV markers were detected in all the 7 patients: in the blood serum in 3 and in the blood serum and liver tissue in 4 patients. Besides, HBsAg was identified in the smears of the lavage fluid sediment in 3 patients examined for that purpose. The role of HBV in both etiology of chronic diffuse liver diseases and granulomatosis is under discussion.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Radiothermometry in the differential diagnosis of peripheral cancer of the lung].

Methods of radiothermometry for differential diagnosis of peripheral lung formations using a radiometer operating within 10 cm-wave band were worked out. Altogether 59 patients (of them 45 men) were investigated. Temperature was measured on the chest surface in the area of a lung pathological formation projected on it. Placing its image on the heart and major vessel shadows was avoided. Mean temperature was calculated from 6-8 measurements. Temperature above a peripheral lung tumor was shown to be by 0.5 degrees C higher than that of unchanged pulmonary tissue. Benign spheroidal formations (tuberculoma, hamartoma) were characterized by a decrease of 0.6-0.9 degrees C as compared to unchanged pulmonary tissue. Comparison of operation of 2 radiometers (the second one operating in the 8 mm-wave band) has shown diagnostic advantages of the first one.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The DNA content in precancer, peripheral cancer and carcinoids of the lung (histospectrophotometric research)].

Histospectrophotometric study of DNA content shows that, at the lung periphery, oval structures with atypia, adenomatosis with atypia, dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia with bronchial epithelium atypia should be regarded as precancerous lesions. Carcinoma in situ and bronchoalveolar carcinoma are distinguished from the foci of epithelial dysplasia by an increase of DNA content and appearance of hetero- and aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is observed in 97% peripheral lung carcinoma and is combined with a heterogeneity of cells by their DNA content. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma are characterized by a marked heterogeneity which correlates with a degree of tumour morphological atypia. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumours with a different histogenesis and pronounced anaplasia which is expressed in a various degree of polyaneuploidy and heteroploidy. Small cell lung carcinoma, a special group of tumours, which, as distinct from other carcinoma types, is characterized by a low, sometimes diploid DNA content which does not correlate with its malignancy.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1991

[Lung carcinosarcoma].

Lung carcinoma in a 72-year-old man smoker is described. Tumour, 12x8x8 sm in size, was located in the middle lobe of the right lung. Metastases were in the regional lymph nodes, soft tissue of the anterior abdominal wall, gastric mucosa and left adrenal. Epithelial component had signs of the undifferentiated carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, mesenchymal component consisted of leiomyosarcoma. Electron-microscopically, tumour cells with squamous, glandular, smooth muscle and fibroblastic features were found.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The immunohistochemistry of cellular oncogenes in precancer and cancer of the lung].

Operative material obtained from patients with lung cancer and precancer, carcinoids, secondary tuberculosis, chronic nonspecific diseases and pulmonary lymphosarcoma was examined immunohistochemically. Expression of the oncogenes was higher in lung carcinoma than in the foci of lung epithelium regeneration, metaplasia and dysplasia. All the oncogenes in precancer and cancer may be divided into two groups by the degree of their expression: oncogenes the activation of which occurs in the same way at certain stages of tumour progression regardless of the lung carcinoma histogenesis and oncogenes expressed at certain stages depending upon the carcinoma histogenesis. The majority of oncogenes studied may be included into the second group (C-myc, ras, sis, src) and only one c-fos into the first group. The oncogenes expression may occur at the precancerous stage and precede the morphological changes in cells and tissues. The expression of some oncogenes (C-myc, sis) takes place not only in the tumour parenchyma but in the cancer stroma as well thus making the immunohistochemical method most reliable that permits one to study a true expression of oncogenes by cancer cells.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Necrotizing sarcoid-like granulomatous vasculitis of the lung in a female patient with liver cirrhosis].

A case of necrotizing sarcoid-like granulomatous vasculitis (NSGV) in a female with liver cirrhosis (probably of virus etiology) complicated with systemic manifestations (skin vasculitis, syndromes of Raynaud and Sjögren). NSGV was diagnosed on the basis of the autopsy findings. Giant cell, epithelioid and macrophagal granulomas that differed from those in sarcoidosis by the presence of central necrosis, were found histologically in the walls of lung vessels and bronchi of various caliber. Keeping in mind a possible immuno-complexed pathogenesis of vasculitis in liver cirrhosis and NSGV as well as a probable viral etiology of liver cirrhosis it is likely that NSGV resulted from the vascular damage by immune complexes containing hepatitis virus antigens. Another peculiar feature of this observation was development of pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Precancer and cancer of the lung].

The problem of the patho- and morphogenesis of the lung cancer is discussed. Central and peripheral lung cancer differ from each other not only by their localization but by the etiology, pathogenesis, morphogenesis, histogenesis and precancer epithelial changes as well. The central cancer morphogenesis is connected with the precancer changes of the large bronchi epithelium resulting as a rule from the carcinogen inhalation. The morphogenesis of the peripheral cancer is less studied and belongs to the problem of the "carcinoma in the scar". Peripheral lung carcinoma is shown to develop in the pneumosclerotic foci after tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung infarct, around foreign bodies. The histogenesis of the lung cancer is connected with the pluripotential and unipotential cell precursors of the lung epithelia the variety of which is particularly pronounced at the lung periphery, this explaining the differences in the histological types of central and peripheral lung cancer and complexity of its morphological classification.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1988

[Morphogenesis of peripheral cancer of the lung].

Principal stages in morphogenesis of peripheral lung cancer (PLC) were studied on operative specimens obtained from 200 PLC patients with majority tumors 0.5-3 cm in diameter. PLC was found to involve predominantly sites of preexisting cicatrices available in 93.1% of cases of small cancer. Essential in PLC onset may be Ghon's, Simon's and Aschoff-Pool focus cicatrices and tuberculomas recorded in 113 patients (70%). Pneumoconiosis- induced and postpneumonic cicatrices occurred in 42 (26%) and 6 (4%) patients, respectively. Dysplasia of small bronchi epithelium, bronchioles and alveoli found in cicatrices should be considered PLC precancer. The authors hold that cicatricial lesions in lung periphery are PLC risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Primary malignant mesenchymoma of the lung].

A case of a primary malignant mesenchymoma of the lung with elements of rhabdomyo-, leiomyo-, osteo-, fibro- and lipo-sarcoma is described. The tumor developed in a man of 58 with a long history of smoking, complaints of chest pains and cough with scanty sputum expectoration. The neoplastic process involved the upper lobe of the left lung and microscopically contained smooth muscle, endothelial, fibroblast-like cells, multinuclear giant cells resembling osteoclasts, strips of osteoid-like hyalinized connective tissue. Electron-microscopic examination revealed myoid-type cells with clusters of myofilaments and Z-type material, cells resembling fibroblasts, osteoclasts and lipocytes. It is suggested that there should be a common histogenesis of primary lung sarcomas arising from a stem cell precursor of mesenchymal origin in lung stroma, bronchial and vascular walls, pleura.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Renal cell cancer in a polycystic kidney].

A case report of a renal (mixed) cell carcinoma found in a 35-year-old male with acquired renal polycystosis who had died from chronic renal insufficiency treated with chronic hemodialysis is presented. The morphogenesis and pathogenesis of acquired polycystic transformation of the kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure and the possible relation of the former to renal cell carcinoma are discussed. A preblastomogenic role is suggested for sclerotic changes arising in polycystic kidneys as well as for hepatitis B virus which may act as an oncogene.

Adult↗