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Biomedical subjects

E A Roth

Publications and source records attributed to E A Roth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Inkjet printing for high-throughput cell patterning.

The adaptation of inkjet printing technology to the complex fields of tissue engineering and biomaterial development presents the potential to increase progress in these emerging technologies through the implementation of this high-throughput capability via automated processes to enable precise control and repeatability. In this paper, a method of applying high-throughput inkjet printing to control cellular attachment and proliferation by precise, automated deposition of collagen is presented. The results indicate that commercial inkjet printing technology can be used to create viable cellular patterns with a resolution of 350 microm through the deposition of biologically active proteins. This method demonstrates a combination of off-the-shelf inkjet printing and biomaterials and has potential to be adapted to tissue engineering and colony patterning applications. Adapting this method into the three-dimensional construction of cellular structures for eventual high-throughput tissue engineering using a bottom-up approach is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Histone-specific Th0 and Th1 clones derived from systemic lupus erythematosus patients induce double-stranded DNA antibody production.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether histone-specific T helper (Th) cells that are able to induce anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies can be isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to characterize the cytokine secretion pattern of such Th clones. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients and healthy donors were stimulated with autologous apoptotic cell material or purified histones, expanded with interleukin-2 (IL-2), and cloned by limiting dilution. Histone reactivity of clones was examined by histone-specific proliferation and cytokine release. Cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CTLL-2 bioassay. Induction of anti-dsDNA antibodies was measured in cocultures of autologous B cells and Th clones by ELISA: RESULTS: Numerous histone-specific T cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta+ Th clones were established from 2 of 3 patients with active SLE and from 1 of 2 healthy individuals. Most Th clones secreted IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), and IL-4, whereas some produced predominantly IL-2 and IFNgamma. Th clones that could stimulate the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies were derived from SLE patients and from a healthy individual. CONCLUSION: Th cells specific for histones may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE by inducing autoantibodies to dsDNA. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The presence of histone-specific Th cells in a healthy individual indicates the importance of peripheral tolerance for preventing autoimmunity to nuclear antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Sedentism and child health among Rendille pastoralists of northern Kenya.

Many nomadic pastoralists of Africa are settling near towns and famine-relief centers in response to drought-induced livestock loss, loss of pasture land, increased involvement in market economies and political turmoil including civil war. The present study uses measurements of child health, particularly morbidity, dietary and growth patterns, to evaluate the consequences of sedentism for three Rendille communities of northern Kenya. A nutritional and health survey utilizing interviews, anthropometric measurements, physical examinations and hemoglobin measurements was conducted for 105 mothers and their 174 children under six years of age in three Rendille communities, one fully nomadic and two sedentary, in July 1990, a year of above average rainfall, and again in June 1992, a drought year. Results indicate that while the nomadic Rendille community of Lewogoso shares similar morbidity patterns with its sedentary counterparts and had similar numbers of malnourished children during the wet year, the sedentary communities had significantly more malnutrition among children under six during the dry year. Moreover, the children in the settled town of Korr had significantly higher levels of anemia. Differences in malnutrition are attributed to distinctive dietary regimes: during the drought, nomadic children consumed three times as much milk as the sedentary children, while settled children's diets concentrated on starches, fat and sugar. This study suggests that the pastoral nomadic diet, particularly one dependent on camels' milk, offers children better resistance to the pressures of drought and supports findings that the subsistence base of mixed-species pastoralism is superior to sedentary alternatives with respect to child health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Child mortality levels and survival patterns from southern Sudan.

Data from a 1985 survey in two major population centres in Southern Sudan, Juba and Wau, were analysed in order to assess childhood mortality levels and the effect of UNICEF's health care programme. There are continuing high levels of childhood mortality. Logistic regression analysis shows significant positive associations between child survival and immunization, oral rehydration therapy and maternal education.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Demography of the Juang tribal population of Orissa.

Demographic analysis of genealogical data collected in 1954 for 23 Juang villages was undertaken employing indirect estimation techniques and computer projection methodology. Results indicated that this group did not feature the historically high fertility levels associated with Indian tribal groups, although fertility was higher than previously reported for the Juang. The population did feature a mortality differential, with worse mortality conditions than the Indian national population at this time. Reversed sexual mortality differentials, common in South Asian populations, were also present for the Juang. Computer projection investigation revealed a steadily growing population, in contrast to some Indian tribal groups faced with extinction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Children's understanding of psychiatric hospitalization.

The authors summarize the results of what they believe to be the first systematic study of children's concepts of their own psychiatric hospitalization. They found that children 6-12 years old are able to gain progressive insight into their problems and the roles that therapeutic staff (doctors and nurses) play in treatment. These findings provide new information about the child's point of view and cognitive understanding of psychiatric hospitalization, illness, and treatment. The findings suggest that preadmission legal hearings addressing the child's understanding of the nature of psychiatric hospitalization would not be meaningful.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Drug-plasma protein binding in Kutchin Athapaskan indians.

Free fractions of diazepam (D alpha), warfarin (W alpha), and methadone (M alpha) were measured in plasma obtained from 37 Kutchin Athapaskan Indians. Mean D alpha (3.42%) varied directly with free fatty acid concentration (r = 0.65, P less than 0.001) and was higher than previously found in other groups. These higher levels of fatty acids were associated with lower W alpha (r = -0.43, P = 0.007), and W alpha rose with time after a meal (r = 0.42, P = 0.01) when fatty acids usually fall. Mean W alpha was 0.72% and increased with age (r = 0.47, P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, age, fatty acids, and time after the last meal together accounted for 42% of intersubject variation in W alpha. W alpha and D alpha were inversely correlated (r = -0.33, P = 0.04), a result of the strong effects of fatty acids in these drugs. In contrast to both D alpha and W alpha, intersubject differences in M alpha correlated inversely with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration (r = -0.50, P = 0.001), but not fatty acids.

Adolescent↗