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Biomedical subjects

E A Segal

Publications and source records attributed to E A Segal.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The juvenilization of poverty in the 1980s.

This article analyzes the factors that caused the economic well-being of children in the United States to deteriorate during the 1980s. The poverty rate for children decreased through the late 1960s and the 1970s but rose during the 1980s. Young families and female-headed families were hit hardest by structural economic changes, contributing to the rise in child poverty. In addition, although more children became poor, social services provision did not increase and in many instances was cut back. The juvenilization of poverty requires social workers to place themselves in advocacy roles and to focus on poverty as a central practice concern.

Aid to Families with Dependent Children↗
PubMed1979

Paying the physician's fee: Blue Shield and the reasonable charge.

At a time of debate over physicians' fees and income, we describe the evolution of Blue Shield plans and programs to pay physicians' fees. We review how Medicare's "reasonable-charge" formulas fostered Blue Shield "usual, customary, and reasonable" (UCR) contracts. In a three-year period in the Washington, DC, area, Blue Shield UCR protocols permitted "customary" allowances for selected surgical procedures to rise 29 to 75 per cent; charges by two physicians increased allowances for coronary-artery bypass from $2000 to $3500. We find little justification for secrecy in fee-payment protocols. Physicians dominate the District of Columbia Blue Shield Board and its committees, and they control fee-payment formulas. Nationally, 61 per cent of Blue Shield boards have majorities of health-care providers; approximately two thirds of fee-related committees have physician majorities. We urge increased public debate, public representation, and accountability in monitoring and reforming the programs that we describe.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗