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Biomedical subjects

E A Turner

Publications and source records attributed to E A Turner.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Profile of trauma due to violence in a statewide prison population.

Acts of violence within a statewide prison population were reviewed to determine the incidence, types of injuries, surgical procedures required, persons involved in the trauma, and weapons used to inflict the injuries. The objective was to identify trends to aid in developing methods of prevention. Over a 3-year period, 1600 prisoners from the state of Tennessee were hospitalized at our institution. The majority were from the maximum security unit. There were 133 episodes of trauma. Our study focused on the first admission of 94 inmates. Fourteen (15%) of the injuries were self-inflicted, including seven self-inflicted penetrating wounds. Nineteen different weapons were used to inflict trauma. Prison cafeteria utensils and workshop utility and office devices may need to be redesigned because these items are frequently used in acts of violence. Victims subjected to repeated episodes of violence should be relocated. Lastly, self-mutilators may need to be transferred to an institution for the mentally impaired for their own protection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sickle cell disease with complicated influenza B virus infection.

The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Center for Disease Control for many years have recommended the routine use of influenza vaccine in various hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease. This recommendation, however, has not been included in the patient care protocols of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program of NIHLB. Most clinicians have not used yearly influenza vaccine for their patients with sickle cell disease. This article reports a case of a 5-year-old boy with sickle cell disease who had not received influenza vaccine. He developed pneumonitis and acute myositis during a serologically confirmed influenza B virus infection. The incapacitating and protracted course of his illness presented diagnostic and management problems. His case strongly supports the recommendation of the two infectious disease committees.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) in a 2-year-old boy.

A 2-year-old boy presented with sudden blindness and epistaxis resulting from olfactory neuroblastoma with intracranial extension. This disease is uncommon in children, with only 27 cases reported in patients less than 17 years of age. This article reviews the clinical and histological features of this tumor and discusses treatment. Therapy has generally consisted of surgery and radiation. Our child and 2 others treated with radiation and combination chemotherapy (including cyclophosphamide and anthracyclines) have done well with follow-ups of up to 9 1/2 years. Chemotherapy is an important form of adjuvant therapy in this disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1979

Non-chromatographic radioimmunoassay procedure for urinary aldosterone.

We describe a sensitive, specific, and simple procedure for measuring aldosterone in human urine, which requires no chromatographic purification before quantification by radioimmunoassay but does include hydrolysis and extraction steps. Rabbit anti-aldosterone serum is sued, generated against aldosterone-18,21-dihemisuccinate coupled to human serum albumin. The antibody cross reacted little with other structurally related steroids that are in human urine. Our procedure was validated by comparing values for urinary aldosterone in human urine, with and without preliminary purification by chromatography on either paper (y = 0.92x + 2.9; r = 0.99; p less than 0.01) or (Sephadex LH-20) column (y = 0.98x + 0.6; r = 0.99; p less than 0.01). Values by our procedure also correlated well (y = 1.03x - 0.8; r = 0.99; p less than 0.01) with those obtained with use of a validated commercial "kit" for urinary aldosterine. All reagents for the proposed method are available commercially.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Response of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to different doses of D-leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide in oligospermic patients.

The rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels after intramuscular administration of D-leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide was studied in seven patients with idiopathic normogonadotropic oligospermia. Four tests with 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mug of the analog, respectively, were carried out at 8 A.M. on each subject. The interval between tests was 1 week. Serum levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay before (-15 And 0 minutes) and 2, 4, 6, 12, and 14 hours after each injection. No differences in the basal values for either hormone were observed. D-Leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide produced significant increases in LH and FSH levels for 6 to 12 hours after the injection. Peak values were obtained between 4 and 6 hours. A dose-response relationship for both gonadotropins was observed. The highest average levels of LH and FSH were obtained after injection of 20.0 mug of the drug. A great individual variation in magnitude of response was observed which seemed to be related to the functional reserve of the pituitary. It is suggested that doses of 10.0 to 20.0 mug of D-leucine-6-LH-RH ethlamide/day could be used for chronic treatment in male infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of idiopathic normogonadotropic oligoasthenospermia with synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

An assessment of the effectiveness of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the treatment of idiopathic normogonadotropic oligoasthenospermia was made in 21 subjects selected on the basis of at least three previous sperm counts; a history of long-standing infertility; normal urinary gonadotropin excretion; normal serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone; and lack of any evidence of other clinical, endocrine, vascular, infectious, and/or urologic involvement. On testicular biopsy, 14 patients showed hypospermatogenesis or arrest up to the spermatid stage (group 1), while the remaining 7 had more severe spermatogenetic disorders (group 2). Libido and/or potency were previously unaltered in all subjects. Five patients in group 1 and five patients in group 2 received intramuscular injection of 100 to 500 mug of LH-RH daily for no less than 60 days (long-term treatment); the remainder received the drug for 30-day periods, with 30-day intervals (short-term treatment). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the results during and after treatment showed frank improvement in spermatozoal concentration, vitality, and motility in group 1 patients, particularly in those undergoing long-term treatment (three of five patients under these conditions were able to impregnate their wives). The long-term regimen also resulted in predomantly qualitative improvements in group 2 (one of five patients impregnated his wife). The short-term regimen was less effective. Improvements under either regimen usually occurred at the end of, or after, treatment. Six of seven patients in group 1 who were followed for a long period retained values above preliminary values for 90 to 150 days after the drug was discontinued. Increased libido and potency were spontaneously reported by 15 patients, 20 to 30 days after the start of administration of synthetic LH-RH.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1975

Response of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to different doses of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by intramuscular administration in normal and oligospermic men: preliminary report.

The response of LH and FSH levels to intramuscularly administered synthetic LH-RH was studied in two healthy volunteers and three oligospermic patients. Four tests with 50, 100, 250, and 500 mug of LH-RH, respectively, were carried out on each subject at 8 am; the interval between tests was one week. The serum levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay (double-antibody method) before each injection, and 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after each injection. No differences in the basal values of either hormone were observed. In both oligospermic and normal men, maximal responses were obtained with doses between 100 and 250 mug. With 500 mug, levels decreased rather than increased. Maximal peaks occurred between 60 and 180 minutes after injection. In the two normal subjects, the responses of LH and FSH were similar. Two of the three oligospermic patients showed discordant responses. From the results, we can assume that LH-RH doses between 100 and 250 mug should be used as a basis for chronic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Report of 10 operations under local cerebral hypothermia.

A method of local cerebral hypothermia with circulatory arrest of one or more of the major vessels of the neck is described. Ten clinical cases have been operated upon, and much has been learned of the operative difficulties including an increased operating time and a high complication rate. There were four post-operative deaths, in one (case 1) there was some evidence that the technique protected the perfused part of the brain from anoxic damage. In case 9 the method itself caused particularly bad operating conditions and eventually the patient died. Case 2 and case 4, like case 1, were patients who were severely ill and who might well have died whatever technique had been used in operating upon them. Of the survivors, one patient (case 3) had a post-operative intracerebral clot which developed during closure and another (case 6) had an intracerebral clot which required removal after 24 hours. Another patient (case 8) had some delay in return to full mental function. In the light of this experience we cannot regard the method in its present form as satisfactory for general use. In our view, its further development requires the discovery of a more effective means of neutralizing the anticoagulants, or doing without anticoagulants altogether. It is also necessary to develop a method of monitoring parts of the brain distant from those directly perfused to give warning of threatened anoxia. Until such time as these problems can be solved we have returned to other procedures but are publishing our results in the hope that other workers will be able to improve upon them.

Adolescent↗