Biomedical subjects

E A Yumatov

Publications and source records attributed to E A Yumatov.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Microprocessor systems for self-control of vital bodily functions.

This article presents a fundamentally novel approach to an urgent medico-social problem of providing the timely medical care. To maintain people's health and life in their everyday activities, a new concept of the medical instrument-making industry was put forward. This concept was developed in terms of the theory of functional systems, which revealed the universal rules of self-regulation of bodily functions. The practical realization of the above-mentioned concept involved the construction, patenting, and production of a number of original devices capable of warning the patient about disorders in basic bodily functions. These devices included a Heart Protection System, a Stress Doser, a Physiological Clock, a Ration Controller, and a Mother-Fetus Controller. They can all be regarded as informational household microprocessor-based instruments of the 21st century.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1982

Cardiovascular reactions from hypothalamic self-stimulation in the rat.

Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded during lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation with optimal stimulus parameters in rats. Hyper-hypotensive, hypertensive and hypotensive reactions were observed during separate self-stimulation, and the biphasic type considerably prevailed over other types of reactions. During the single cycles of self-stimulation hyper-hypotensive and hypertensive reactions with different heart rate reactions also occurred. In this case the biphasic type was seen in 75% of all reactions, whereas the hypotensive type occurred in 25% of the cases. The main type of BP reaction (92%) during continuous self-stimulation for 60-240 min was a gradual increase of the mean BP level from 15 to 40 mm Hg against initial values (p less than 0.001), that depended on the duration of self-stimulation. Changes of HR were more variable: tachycardia and bradycardia were seen approximately with the same frequency. Comparative analysis of cardiovascular reactions during hypothalamic SS and escape reactions provoked by ventromedial hypothalamus stimulation revealed some peculiarities of autonomic manifestations during positive and negative emotional reactions. The results of this comparison raises the question of a stress-reaction during self-stimulation behaviour.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Functional state of adrenergic innervation of the stomach in rats with different stability of cardiovascular functions in experimental stress.

Stress is induced in male Wistar and August rats by immobilising them for 30 hours. Nerve endings were studied using the method of fluorescent microscopy of Falck and Owman, modified by E. M. Krokhina. These studies showed that the dystrophic process related to stress acts on the activation system of the adrenergic innervation. This activation of transmitter synthesis in all the neurones is related to the large number of adrenergic transmitter substances found in the stomach wall. There are differences between animal species: August rats are more sensitive. This no doubt reflects a general instability in the vegetative functions of this species. The authors conclude that depending on the animal species there are factors in the stomach which may either afford resistance or predispose the organism to disorders of the cardiovascular system.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Delta sleep-inducing peptide as a factor increasing the content of substance P in the hypothalamus and the resistance of rats to emotional stress.

The influence of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP, 60 and 120 nmole/kg, intraperitoneally) on the content of substance P (SP) in the hypothalamus of rats was studied in male rats of the August line. It was demonstrated that the administration of DSIP significantly increases the average content of SP in the hypothalamus, as well as its content in animals resistant to and predisposed to emotional stress. A daily one-time administration of DSIP before placing the rats in conditions of stress increases the content of SP in the hypothalamus which was decreased during emotional stress. The preliminary one-time administration of DSIP to animals subjected to a stressor influence also increases the SP content in the hypothalamus. It was established that a one-time administration of DSIP in a dose of 60 nmole/kg sharply decreases the classical manifestations of stress such as the hypertrophy of the adrenals and involution of the thymus.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamics in emotional responses and in emotional stress.

In the article, we present experimental data indicating that negative emotional states evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus or by behavioral conflicts are accompanied by a predominance of vascular responses of a pressor character possessing the property of summation. In contrast, positive emotional states during a self-stimulation reaction or when animals attain behavioral results satisfying their major biological demands are accompanied by a predominance of pressor-depressor vascular reactions. In individual animals under conditions of experimental emotional stress in conflicting situations of a prolonged character, pronounced disturbances of cardiac-vascular functions occur. Predominantly pressor vascular reactions arise in response to forced stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in such cases. It is shown that changes in vascular tonus plays a leading role in disturbances of AP regulation during stress of immobilization. The most frequent cause of death in animals under such conditions is a progressive fall of AP due to an abrupt decrease in the total peripheral resistance. The resistance of the cardiac-vascular functions to emotional stress is determined to a significant degree by genetic mechanisms.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stages of sleep after psychoemotional tension: the individual character of changes.

This report describes complex psychophysiological studies of nocturnal sleep in healthy humans in normal concentrations and after emotional tension. A series of contemporary methods was used: questionnaires, psychological tests, motor tests, and polysomnography with heart rate recording. These experiments showed that psychoemotional tension induced changes mainly in the structure of the first sleep cycle, decreasing the proportion of the second stage of slow sleep in total nocturnal sleep, led to a redistribution of delta sleep, increasing delta sleep in the second half of nocturnal sleep, and suppressed the mechanisms underlying the organization of the phases of rapid sleep. Psychoemotional tension affected human cerebrovisceral functions, for example inducing increases in the frequency and variability of the heart rhythm during nocturnal sleep. The nature of these changes in sleep structure and autonomic responses depended on the personality characteristics of the individual person. Thus, the individual approach to the question of psychoemotional stress in sleep disturbances is, we believe, the most appropriate.

Adult↗