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Biomedical subjects

E A Zharova

Publications and source records attributed to E A Zharova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Preliminary data on combined assessment of tolerance to exercise, left ventricular contractile function in ischemic heart disease patients taking bradycardic agents].

AIM: To study effects of bradicardia induced by atenolol, diltiazem and ivabradin on exercise tolerance, myocardial perfusion and left ventricular contractile function in patients with stable angina pectoris. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 7 male patients aged 57 +/- 2.6 years with coronary heart disease, stable angina of functional class II free of cardiac failure and severe arterial hypertension, with a positive and reproducible VEM test after therapy discontinuation. For 10 consecutive days with 5-day intervals, all the patients received atenolol, diltiazem, ivabradin in doses lowering heart rate at rest by 20% from the initial level. Before the treatment all the patients were studied with VEM test, perfusion synchronized single-photon emission computerized tomoscintigraphy of the myocardium (PSSPECT) at rest and exercise. On day 10 of each drug intake PSSPECT and VEM test were performed if the expected heart rate was achieved. RESULTS: Each of the studied drugs resulted in a 22-24% reduction in the heart rate at rest accompanied by a significant rise in exercise tolerance, improvement of performance and myocardial perfusion. There were no significant changes in left ventricular contractility. CONCLUSION: A 20% reduction in resting heart rate due to monotherapy with drugs having a bradicardic effect leads to positive changes in exercise tolerance and myocardial perfusion.

Atenolol↗
PubMed2002

[Atenolol induced bradycardia in patients with stable angina: effects on exercise tolerance, myocardial perfusion and left ventricular contractility].

AIM: To assess effects of atenolol-induced heart rate decrease on myocardial perfusion, left ventricular contractility and tolerance to exercise in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty eight men (mean age 54,5-/+9,2 years) with stable class I-III angina and positive reproducible result of bicycle exercise test underwent rest/stress 99mTc-MIIBI gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after 10 days of administration of atenolol (20 patients) or placebo (8 patients). Dose of atenolol was titrated to achieve at least 15% decrease of heart rate from baseline. RESULTS: After 10 days of treatment with atenolol heart rate decreased from 78-/+3.1 to 59-/+1.1 bpm (p=0.01), whereas in placebo group there were no significant changes. Compared with placebo, treatment with atenolol was associated with significant decreases in extent and severity of perfusion defects, ischemic score and number of ischemic segments. No significant changes of parameters of left ventricular contractility occurred. Treatment with atenolol was associated with symptomatic improvement and increase of the total exercise time. CONCLUSION: Heart rate lowering during monotherapy with atenolol was associated with improvement of myocardial perfusion and tolerance to exercise.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

Trimetazidine as indirect antioxidant.

One-month therapy with trimetazidine sharply decreased the content of free radical oxidation products, lipid peroxides and malonic dialdehyde, in atherogenic low-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease. Activity of glutathione peroxidase utilizing lipid peroxides in the plasma markedly increased during trimetazidine therapy. The data suggest that trimetazidine not directly interacting with free radicals attenuates the adverse effects of intensive free radical oxidation in coronary heart disease. This effect is mediated via activation of antioxidant enzymes, which diminishes negative consequences of ischemia.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1993

[The humoral immunity indices and vascular reactivity of patients with hypertension and an elevated blood lipid level].

Out of 60 males aged 41 +/- 1 suffering from mild arterial hypertension (158 +/- 4/100 +/- 2 mm Hg) a hereditary load by hypertension was found in 63.3%, serum cholesterol levels reached 200 mg/dl in 85% of the patients. The patients with the load and enhanced Na-Li countertransport (403 +/- 49 mumol Li/1/cell/hr against 185 +/- 28 mumol Li/1/cell/hr in those without hereditary predisposition, p < 0.05) showed a significantly higher serum level of IgA and IgE (3.68 +/- 0.33 g/l and 127 +/- 14 U/ml vs 2.61 +/- 0.33 g/l and 79 +/- 15 U/ml, respectively, in those without the load, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). An IgE level significantly correlated with the amplitude of norepinephrine vascular reactivity (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). The discussion is concerned with IgE hyperproduction significance. Correlating with the amplitude of vascular reactivity on sympathetic stimuli and being independent of hypertension magnitude, this hyperproduction may underlie a high risk of atherosclerosis and vascular complications as a result of IgE-mediated vascular reactions in young subjects with mild hypertension in hereditary loading, erythrocytic accelerated Na-Li countertransport and lipid metabolism derangement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Endothelin in arterial hypertension].

A study was made of the concentration of endothelin (ET) in the plasma of patients suffering from arterial hypertension (AH), heart failure (HF) and in that of healthy volunteers. The concentration of ET in the normal subjects was within 4.0-8.6 pg/ml, in the patients with AH, it varied from 5.7 to 64.5 pg/ml, and in the patients suffering from HF, from 8.8 to 94.0 pg/ml. A subgroup of patients with essential hypertension, stage II B, showed a tendency towards a rise of the ET concentration in response to orthostatic load that was associated with an increase of the concentration of angiotensin-2.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1991

[The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arterial hypertension in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone++ system was investigated in 60 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-four of them (group 1) had arterial hypertension (144 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 mm Hg), sixteen were free of hypertension (120 +/- 3/80 +/- 1 mm Hg). Twenty-nine control subjects comparable by AH standing and demographic parameters had essential hypertension stage IB-IIA by A. L. Myasnikov classification (141 +/- 3/89 +/- 1 mm Hg). A tendency to renin suppression was dominating in 72% of group 1 patients (plasma renin activity less than 1.0 ng/ml/h). In this group there appeared high concentrations of A II (14.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml) and plasma aldosterone++ (238 +/- 94 ng/ml). Rheumatoid vasculitis manifested in 86% of patients. Control subjects exhibited plasma renin activity greater than 3.0 ng/ml/hin 48%, average A II concentration was similar to that of group 1 (12.4 +/- 2.7 ng/ml/h, p greater than 0.05), plasma aldosterone++ level was significantly lower (176 +/- 29 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). Correlations were established between A II concentration and ESR (r = 0.39, p less than 0.05), A II and rheumatoid factor titers (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05). These indicate that immunopathological reactions are responsible for shifts in renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system in hypertensive rheumatoid arthritis subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The correlation of the indices of humoral immunity and of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive patients].

The content of IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE was measured in 55 male patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (EH) running a labile course (25 patients) and a stable course (30 patients). Analyzing the material, account was taken of aggravated heredity factor as regards arterial hypertension, established according to the anamnesis in relatives of the first degree kinship. A group of patients with the aggravated familial anamnesis as regards arterial hypertension were distinguished. They suffered from labile hypertension with a tendency to hyperreninemia and IgE overproduction, which may be unfavourable in terms of EH progression and development of cardiovascular complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Immunological effects of captopril and ramipril in patients with hypertension].

Fifteen patients with essential hypertension underwent treatment with captopril (7 patients) and ramipril (8 patients). The drugs belong to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Pretreatment immunological examination and that after a 10-15-week course of the above therapy involved measurements of IgG, IgA, IgE and beta 2-microglobulin. The analysis of the trend in the immunological indices demonstrated that captopril, distinct from ramipril by the presence of a sulfhydryl group, caused a decrease in immunological parameters suggesting a potential role of culfhydryl groups in mediating ACE inhibitor action on the immune system. The immunological properties of captopril may appear useful in various systemic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the relation of various genetic and pathophysiologic factors participating in the regulation of blood pressure in patients with hypertension].

A study of 35 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (EH) (labile hypertension, stages IB-IIA or stable hypertension, stage IIB) demonstrated a higher rate of Na+-Li+ countertransport in patients with hypertensive hereditary predisposition to EH (group 1), as compared to those with unaggravated heredity (group 2). A suppression of plasma renin activity (53%), and a higher rate of hyperlipoproteinemia (55%) were observed in group 1, as opposed to group 2 where Na+-Li+ countertransport was lower, plasma renin activity was normal, and hyperlipoproteinemia occurred in 33%. There was a direct correlation between Na+-Li+ countertransport and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone components in group 2. A conclusion is made that aggravated heredity, RAAS components and hyperlipoproteinemia should be taken into account in the assessment of Na+-Li+ countertransport in hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Disorders of humoral immunity in hypertension].

Examination included 51 patients with essential hypertension (EH) of an uncomplicated course, labile (IB-IIA stage, according to A. L. Myasnikov's classification) and stable (IIB stage) hypertension. Clinical characteristics were given to the stages and duration of EH, body weight of the patients, arterial hypertension (AH) heredity and the AP level. Immunological examination included determination of the concentration of the basic classes of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, circulating immune complexes (CIC), concentration of IgE and beta 2-microglobulins. It was revealed that EH development is attended by an increased concentration of immunoglobulins, primarily of IgA (23 per cent), IgE (31 per cent) and CIC (21 per cent), which is associated, to a certain degree, with a factor of AH hereditary aggravation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The interrelation of the sodium-excretory function of the kidneys and vascular reactivity in hypertension patients].

Vascular reactivity was evaluated by a modified photoplethysmographic method in 20 patients with essential hypertension before and after an acute volumetric salt load. A relationship was demonstrated between vascular reactivity and renal sodium excretion pattern under stress. Patients with "excessive" natriuresis 24 h after the test showed reduced vascular reactivity, and slow sodium and water excretion was associated with increased vascular response. A study of membrane Ca2+ transport 24 h after the test showed an increase in receptor-dependent Ca2+ uptake in response to all inductors (platelet aggregation factor, vasopressin, ADP), as compared to the baseline.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Characteristics of the water-electrolyte metabolism of hypertension patients with stable hypertension and the principles of diuretic therapy].

Different levels of water-salt metabolism control were studied in patients with stable essential hypertension (SEH). The sample was found to be highly heterogeneous in terms of the magnitude of the body's water-filled spaces in relation to plasma renin activity (PRA) and the cooking salt gustatory sensitivity threshold, examined in the presence of various salt diets and diuretic treatments. Three patterns of response to salt loads were identified in SEH patients with respect to sodium and water elimination by the kidneys: the first was identical to that of normal subjects, while the second one featured increased, and the third one, decreased, diuresis and natriuresis. Prostaglandin E2 and kallikrein were shown to be involved in the formation of the second- and third-type renal response to excessive salt. Differential treatment of EH patients with diuretics alone or, where necessary, in combinations with small-dose beta-blockers or vasodilators provides effective BP control for some 1.5 to 2 years in 65% of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Role of prostagladin synthesis inhibitors in the development of arterial hypertension. II].

Arterial hypertension was induced in experiments on rats by chronic injection of indometacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, combined with a salt load or unilateral nephrectomy. A twofold rise in arterial pressure, on average, was noted at the end of the 6th week of the inhibitor injection. The development of arterial hypertension following indometacin injection and a salt load led to reduced excretion of sodium and water, increased intravascular volume, and increased sodium content in the aortic wall. In the group of nephrectomized and indometacin treated animals, on the contrary, sodium and water excretion increased, intravascular volume diminished, and the content of sodium in the aortic wall decreased. Chronic injection of indometacin alone into intact animals did not lead to a rise of arterial pressure within the same periods of time and did not induce changes in the renal excretory function. It is presumed that disorder of water-salt homeostasis is one of the mechanisms of the increase in arterial pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The renal kallikrein-kinin system in various types of diuresis and under the effects of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in rats.

In rats with water load, rats with high-salt diet, rats treated with furosemide, and rats treated with indomethacin in low doses (2 mg/kg orally per day for five consecutive days) an enhanced urinary excretion of kallikrein was observed. Higher dosage of indomethacin (5 mg/kg), on the contrary, markedly reduced the urinary kallikrein excretion. The degree of activation of the renal kallikrein-kinin system was lowest in water diuresis, and highest at the high-salt diet. In salt- and furosemide-induced diuresis, positive correlations were found between the urinary kallikrein excretion, sodium excretion, urine flow rate, and renal concentration capacity. In water diuresis, a positive correlation was found solely between the kallikrein excretion and the urine flow rate. Indomethacin at low dosages elevated, and at high dosages reduced the activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system; analogous effects were exerted on the urine flow rate and on sodium excretion.

Animals↗