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Biomedical subjects

E Ackermann

Publications and source records attributed to E Ackermann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Experience journals: using computers to share personal stories about illness and medical intervention.

Medical advances make it increasingly possible for children with previously fatal illness to live and thrive. However, a significant number still experience repeated operations, hospitalization, and invasive procedures, or need special care at home. Many do so with little or no intervention to help them and their families cope with the emotional stresses involved. One significant source of emotional and cognitive support is the community of patients and families who have experienced similar medical procedures. However, in spite of a general willingness to share experiences, communication among patients and families is usually limited. To facilitate this process, we are investigating the use of computer technology to record, organize, and display stories about the experiences of families with children who have been treated for cardiac and neurological illness at Children's Hospital, Boston. We are asking children and their families to record text and multimedia vignettes describing some aspect of their illness, coping strategies, or care that might be useful to others. These contributions will be available for browsing at a secure World-Wide-Web site. However, economic realities preclude reliance on a professional site administrator to organize and monitor what we hope to be a rapidly growing Web site with a large, distributed authorship. The need to make the Web site fully accessible to users who have varying familiarity with computers and Web browsing imposes further constraints. We are therefore developing software to automate the process of managing and organizing an easily accessed Web site that contains an "Experience Journal." We describe this software, the rationale for its development, and our plans for its use in the coming year.

Adolescent↗

Receptors for platelet derived growth factor in human glioma cell lines and influence of suramin on cell proliferation.

A panel of 11 established human glioma cell lines was used to evaluate PDGF receptor binding using radioiodinated biosynthetic PDGF-AA and PDGF-AB as primary ligands. It was found that PDGF-receptor-binding was qualitatively heterogeneous. The affinities for PDGF-AA as well as PDGF-AB binding were within a close range of 0.13-0.33 nM and 0.16-1.1 nM, respectively. The number of binding sites per cell ranged between 56.000 and 250.000 for PDGF-AA and 72.000 to 300.000 for PDGF-AB. Two lines had only background levels of PDGF-AA binding. PDGF-AB binding was the dominant binding component in all but one cell line. In seven cell lines there were two binding components upon saturation analysis consisting of a high affinity component and a non-saturable low affinity component. PDGF and PDGF-receptors are suspected to be part of an autocrine loop in gliomas. Therefore, the effect of suramin on cell proliferation in serumfree cultures was tested in the same cell lines using doses of 25,200 or 500 micrograms/ml. It was found that the response to suramin was variable and that two cell lines still reached 2.8 fold and 4.5 fold their initial cell density even in the presence of 500 micrograms/ml whereas all other cells were completely arrested. Analyzing the response to 200 micrograms/ml it became evident, that the PDGF binding characteristics are of no reliable predictive value in respect to the efficacy of suramin.

Brain Neoplasms↗

[Toxicologic and pharmacologic methods in the control of smoking behavior].

Tobacco smoking is a form of drug addiction and drug dependence. The neuropharmacological action of nicotine is mediated by nicotinergic synapses of the mesencephalic formatio reticularis resulting in increased cognitive efficiency within only 7 seconds after nicotine absorption from inhaled cigarette smoke. Nicotine is an addictive drug and tobacco smoking an addictive habit. Nicotine and its main metabolite cotinine can be termined gaschromatographically today, so that reliable statements can be made about a man's smoking habits. But these methods are expensive, time consuming and dependent on a special technical equipment not allover available in clinical laboratories. Measurement of carbon monoxide in alveolar breath seems to be the most suited method for clinical practice, because it correlates very close with COHb, it is rapid and easy to perform with a special analytical apparatus. With the new methods developed for analysis of nicotine and cotinine it is proved unequivocally that passive smoking increases the nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the body fluids of nonsmokers and that components of tobacco smoke are inhaled in harmful amounts.

Adult↗

The treatment of late post-traumatic orbital deformities.

Trauma to the orbital region may result in fractures of the bony orbit, displacement of which gives rise to malposition of the eye and diplopia. If initial treatment is not feasible or is unsuccessful, later correction may be achieved by osteotomy or reduction and stabilisation of the bony fragments, often with bone grafts. Displaced medial or lateral canthi may need to be repositioned, where feasible in an overcorrected position. Where bone grafts are necessary, the skull is now favoured as the best donor site.

Adult↗

New aspects in the prediction of hormone sensitivity. A review.

In this review some basic problems of steroid receptor mechanism are discussed. It can be stated now that the steroid receptor is bound to cellular structures. Most of the oestradiol receptor has been shown to be localized in particulate fractions and only the minor part is demonstrable in the cytosol. The most important step in receptor preparation from human breast tumour tissue is the homogenization procedure. During the homogenization and fractionation process proteolytic enzyme become activated. More reliable results in receptor determination may be obtained using specific antibodies against oestradiol binding protein.

Affinity Labels↗

[restoration of duodenal passage in severe postoperative syndrome after surgery for gastro-duodenal ulcers. Experience with 40 cases (author's transl)].

The authors analyse 40 cases of restoration of duodenal passage for severe functional sequelae after surgery for duodenal ulcer. The type of reoperation depended upon the initial operation and thus after gastric resection with gastro-jejunal anastomosis, 26 procedures involving transposition of the efferent loop to the duodenum (Soupault-Bucaille operation) were performed, 8 conversions of a gastro-jejunal anastomosis to a gastro-duodenal anastomosis and one interposition of a small intestinal loop according to the technique of Henley. After gastro-enterostomy with or without vagotomy, 3 gastric resections with gastro-duodenal anastomosis were performed, and one replacement of a gastro-enterostomy, by a pyloroplasty. Operative mortality was 3/40 cases and long term results proved to be good in 80% of the patients.

Adult↗

[Seroepidemiologic studies on reovirus infections of man, domestic and wild animals in Tanzania (author's transl)].

2238 sera of bovines, 95 of goats, 251 of antelopes (various species), 143 of zebras and 11 of warthogs collected in Tanzania as well as 811 sera of men and females of the city and the region of Dar es Salaam were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (Ab) to reovirus serotypes (St) 1, 2 and 3. Ab to St 1 resp. 2 could be detected in 24--39% of bovines, goats, antelopes and zebras, and in warthogs to 64%. In human beings the positive percentage was 60%. Ab to St 3 were most prevalent: Sera of domestic animals were positive in 70--84%, of wild animals in 77--100% and of the human population in 91%. These figures include the occurrence of Ab to one St alone as well as to more than one St. A further analysis showed, that Ab to St 3 are definitely dominant especially in sera of animals, whereas the simultaneous occurrence of Ab to all 3 St was more frequently observed in sera of human beings. Other Ab-type combinations were apparently of far less importance. It seems to be significant that the highest infection rate was found in humans (except zebras and warthogs) and that their contact to animals did not result in a higher Ab conversion rate as without such a possibility. The results were discussed under seroepidemiologic aspects and it is concluded that reovirus infections are facultative viral zoonoses.

Adolescent↗

[Effect of benzodiazepines on the fluorescence of tryptophan in human serum albumin, hemoglobin and erythrocyte ghosts].

The binding of chlorodiazepoxide, demethyl-chlorodiazepoxide, demoxepam, medazepam, diazepam and oxazepam was investigated on human serum albumin (HSA), ghosts and hemoglobin by quenching the fluorescence of tryptophan. The tryptophan fluorescence is quenched in a dose-dependent manner by these benzodiazepines with the exception of demoxepan, diazepam and oxazepam on hemoglobin. The calculated binding constants are in the range of 10(4)1 . M-1. It is concluded from the quenching of tryptophan-fluorescence that benzodiazepines are bound in a tryptophan containing area of the proteins.

Benzodiazepines↗

[Pharmacokinetics in liver cirrhosis].

In patients with severe hepatic parenchymal damage drug metabolism is presumably impaired. The reduced detoxification can not be sufficiently described in the postulated multicompartment model by determination of plasma half-life, because it depends on the physicochemical properties of the drugs. An increase of dihydroxybilic acids inhibits drug metabolism. Some drugs and also its metabolites formed in the liver induce hepatic cell injury including necrosis and therefore they are contraindicated in patients suffering from liver disease.

Aminopyrine↗

Dizepam metabolism in human foetal and adult liver.

Diazepam was metabolized by human foetal liver microsomes to N-desmethyldiazepam and N-methyloxazepam as early as the 13th week of gestation. The metabolic activity was lower than that of microsomes from adult human liver. Diazepam was shown mainly to be hydroxylated to N-methyloxazepam at substrate concentrations higher than 0.1 mM. Diazepam levels above 1.0 mM were inhibitory to the overall metabolic reaction. SKF 525-A inhibited diazepam metabolism by foetal liver microsomes at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The addition of diazepam to foetal and adult human liver microsomes resulted in a type II spectral change. Its inhibition by carbon monoxide indicated that biotransformation of diazepam was performed by the cytochrome P-450-linked mono-oxygenase system.

Aging↗