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E Alanen

Publications and source records attributed to E Alanen.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Chronic low back pain patient and spouse.

Marital adjustment, psychological distress, health attitudes and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms were studied and compared between 63 chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and their spouses. The CLBP patients experienced somatization significantly more than their spouses, while other psychological distress scores did not reveal statistically significant differences between the couples. The CLBP patients experienced significantly more feelings of guilt at having pain than their spouses. The patients experienced significantly more internal control, while their spouses experienced more external locus control of health. The female spouses had had significantly more musculoskeletal pain symptoms in neck and shoulders during the past week than the male spouses. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms in the CLBP patients did not differ significantly between sexes. The results of this study are compared to population studies where the same methods have been used.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

The relation between cycling time to exhaustion and anaerobic threshold.

This study investigated whether the anaerobic threshold (AnT) could be used to predict prolonged work capacity measured as cycling time to exhaustion (= endurance time) and which factors, in addition to relative exercise intensity, could explain variation in endurance time. Theoretical exercise intensities corresponding to certain endurance times were also calculated. The hyperbolic and exponential functions between cycling time and relative work rate (WR[%]), as well as between cycling time and relative oxygen uptake (VO2[%]) were fitted to the pooled data (n = 45) of 17 subjects. The WR(%) and VO2(%) were expressed as a percentage of the subject's own AnT- and maximum-values. At WR corresponding to AnT (i.e., 70% of WRmax) an average subject could cycle 60 min according to both AnT- or maximum-related exponential function. When prediction was done for an endurance time of 4 h, the AnT-related exponential function gave 2.9%-units (= 11 W or approximately 0.15 O2 l.min-1) lower intensity level (51% of WRmax) than the maximum-related function (54% of WRmax). The WR(%) alone explained 54% and 70% of the variation in endurance time of the AnT-related and maximum-related exponential functions, respectively. Muscle fibre composition and initial blood lactate or relative muscle glycogen depletion (change in muscle glycogen as percentage) increased significantly the explanatory power of these models. The differences between the observed and expected exercise times correlated with blood lactate accumulation (r = -0.42; p less than 0.01), muscle fibre composition (r = 0.33; p less than 0.05) and relative muscle glycogen depletion (r = 0.67; p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the capacity for prolonged work measured as cycling time to exhaustion can be estimated by AnT-related power output, and that the exponential function model is the most suitable. Prediction power of the model can be improved by multiple regressions including muscle fibre composition, initial blood lactate level and relative muscle glycogen depletion.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in patients with a coronary bypass operation.

The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was analysed in 71 male patients with angiographically defined three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) selected for a coronary bypass operation. Their 71 control subjects were matched according to age, sex, smoking, relative weight, and absence of CAD. The concentrations of fatty acids, 14:0, 16:0 and 16:1 of the serum phospholipids, were significantly (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) higher in CAD patients than in the controls. On the other hand, linoleic (18:2 omega 6), linolenic (18:3 omega 3) and arachidonic (20:4 omega 6) acids were at a significantly lower level in the patients when compared to the controls. The polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S) ratio in serum phospholipids was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the patients than in the controls. In the cholesteryl ester fraction the results paralleled those of the phospholipids. Significant correlations were obtained between the polyunsaturated fatty acids and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein A-I in the control subjects but most of these correlations were absent in the patients. Our present results further support the importance of linoleic acid in the protection against atherosclerosis. However, no unequivocal evidence on the possible beneficial effect of long-chain omega 3-fatty acids in comparison with omega 6-acids was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Muscle metabolic profile and oxygen transport capacity as determinants of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds.

Aerobic and anaerobic thresholds determined by different methods in repeated exercise tests were correlated with cardiorespiratory variables and variables of muscle metabolic profile in 33 men aged 20-50 years. Aerobic threshold was determined from blood lactate, ventilation, and respiratory gas exchange by two methods (AerT1 and AerT2) and anaerobic threshold from venous lactate (AnTLa), from ventilation and gas exchange (AnTr) and by using the criterion of 4 mmol.1(-1) of venous lactate (AnT4mmol). In addition to ordinary correlative analyses, applications of LISREL models were used. The 8 explanatory variables chosen for the regression analyses were height, relative heart volume, relative diffusing capacity of the lung, muscle fiber composition, citrate synthase (CS) and succinate dehydrogenase activities, the lactate dehydrogenase--CS ratio, and age. They explained 58% of the variation in AerT1, 73.5% that of AerT2, 71% that of AnTr, 74.5% that of AnTLa, and 67.5% that of AnT4mmol.AerT and AnT alone explained 77% of the variation in each other. Both AerT and AnT were determined mainly by a muscle metabolic profile, with the CS activity of vastus lateralis as the strongest determinant. The factor 'submaximal endurance' which was measured with AerT and AnT seemed to be slightly more closely connected to 'muscle metabolic profile' than was 'maximal aerobic power' (= VO2max), but both also correlated strongly with each other (r = 0.92).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sleep movements and poor sleep in patients with non-specific somatic complaints--I. No first-night effect in poor and good sleepers.

To evaluate the possible first-night effect on the nocturnal motor activity 25 poor sleepers and 12 good sleepers slept on the Static Charge Sensitive Bed (SCSB) during two consecutive nights. The frequency of body movements in poor sleepers was almost two times higher than in good sleepers. The method itself was reproducible across two nights. There were no statistically significant and systemic level differences between the nights in the movements in bed (MIB). The difference t-test did not either reveal group differences in the magnitude or direction of changes from night to night. Results are consistent with the view that the level of motor activity is one of the determinants of sleep quality. No first-night effect exists in terms of psychomotor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Levels of serum lipids, apolipoproteins A-I and B and pseudocholinesterase activity and their discriminative values in patients with coronary by-pass operation.

Serum lipids and apoproteins A-I and B were measured in 115 male patients and serum pseudocholinesterase activity (PChE) was determined in 83 patients with 3 vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). The control subjects were matched according to sex, smoking, relative weight and age and were free from heart disease. The CAD patients had significantly higher serum VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and lower HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels and lower HDL to total cholesterol ratio than the controls. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were only slightly (6.4% and 8.8%, on an average) higher in CAD patients than in controls. The apo B levels of CAD patients were also slightly lower in patients than in controls. The CAD patients had slightly higher PChE activities than controls. The ratios of apo A-I to PChE and HDL cholesterol to PChE were significantly (about 30%, P less than 0.001) lower in patients than in controls. In discriminant analysis between the groups HDL cholesterol and apo A-I showed the best (74% success in reclassifying the patients to correct groups), and total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and apo B remarkably weak discriminating power among the single variables of serum lipids and lipoproteins. In discriminating analysis the apo A-I/PChE and HDL cholesterol/PChE ratios showed relatively high (77.1 and 71.1% success from the patients to correct groups) and serum PChE activity weak discriminating power. These results indicate that low levels of HDL cholesterol and apo A-I and the low ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol are the most potent metabolic risk factors for 3 vessel coronary artery disease in a population with relatively high serum total cholesterol level. The determinations of apo A-I/PChE and HDL cholesterol/PChE ratios may be an additional, valuable tool in discriminating the risk for CAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Self-rated health and associated factors among men of different ages.

The connections of certain clinico-physiological indicators of health state, chronic diseases, felt symptoms, and psychic well-being with self-rated health were studied among men of different ages as a part of the more extensive research project Jyväskylä Studies on Functional Aging. Study population was selected by using systematic random sampling among men aged 31 to 35, 51 to 55 and 71 to 75 years in the city of Jyväskylä. Log-linear and logit models as well as regression and structural equation models within the framework of LISREL were used as methods of analysis. The associations between general self-rated health and the explanative variables were different in different age groups: In the youngest age group self-rated health was best explained by symptoms and index of physical fitness; among the middle-aged by symptoms and psychic well-being; and among the oldest by chronic diseases. The results suggest that self-rated health belongs to the important indicators of health, and more attention should be paid to it both in research and in medical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Influence of central dopaminergic and oral sensory stimulation on the tone of the rat masseter muscle.

Dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal subgroup of the basal ganglia are involved in the higher control of muscle tone and repetitive movements, possibly also in the masticatory muscles. For this reason, the effect of mechanical oral stimulation in combination with apomorphine-induced stimulation of dopamine receptors in the brain was experimentally studied in the rat. The masseter muscle tone during and after anesthesia was registered. A tachograph preamplifier and a bipolar electrode were used for the recording of summated potentials from the muscle. Dopaminergic stimulation increased the muscle tone. Oral sensory stimulation alone showed a tendency to increase the masseter tone, although the increase was not statistically significant. The increase of the tone with dopaminergic stimulation is presumably due to the fact that the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia also controls the motor function of the masticatory muscles. Several pathological conditions of the mouth region, where a dopaminergic mechanism in the facilitation and inhibition of centrally coordinated jaw reflexes is obvious or possible, are discussed. Individual variation in neuronal dopamine synthesis, uptake, or receptor sensitivity may be one of the factors determining predisposition to masticatory disturbances both in experimental and clinical conditions.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1983

Oral tardive dyskinesia in the rat.

Oral tardive dyskinesia may develop due to neuroleptic therapy as a drug-induced disorder of the dopaminergic system of the brain. Long-term treatment with a neuroleptic drug impairing dopaminergic neurotransmission in the rat brain augments oral dyskinetic responses to dopaminergic agonists like apomorphine. In the present experiments, rats were pretreated daily with haloperidol for 3 weeks to cause a 'chronic' blockade in the striatal dopamine receptors. After a withdrawal period of 3 and 6 days, oral sensory stimulation was applied. On the following day the same groups were given apomorphine, and the oral stimulation was repeated. The rats pretreated daily with haloperidol had significantly higher dyskinesia scores than the rats pretreated with saline. The main observation with these sensitized rats was an increase in the frequency and intensity of experimental bruxism caused by oral sensory stimulation alone. Sensory impulses are known to cause release of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system. The combination of oral sensory stimulation and central dopaminergic supersensitivity in the rat can be regarded as an animal model for oral symptoms in human dyskinesia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An empirical investigation of the 'Biopsychosocial Disease Consequence model': psychological impairment, disability and handicap in chronic pain patients.

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the meaningfulness of a global, functional rather than a narrow medical view in the efficacy evaluation of chronic pain treatment. Therefore, the 'Biopsychosocial Disease Consequence (BPSDC) model' to assess function more globally than before, is presented in this article. The model is based on two theories: (1) the biopsychosocial approach and (2) WHO's classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. In addition to the presentation of the conceptual model, the development of the hypothetical criteria and assessment models for psychological impairments, disabilities and handicaps, and the validity testing of the psychological assessment axis are described. Within each of the three classes, i.e. psychological impairments, disabilities and handicaps, the results supported the independence of the hypothetical criteria from each other. On the other hand, results suggested that some changes to the hypothetical assessment models for some of the criteria might be valuable. It was concluded that although the most adequate psychological assessment models for function, found in this study, can be considered as robust and recommendable as one set of tools for functional assessment, the main aim of this article is to encourage multidisciplinary team efforts to develop and systematize the assessment procedures of function in patients suffering from chronic diseases.

Adult↗