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Biomedical subjects

E Andrew

Publications and source records attributed to E Andrew.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Phase II studies in urography, cardioangiography and cerebral angiography with iohexol. An evaluation of the clinical trial program and the clinical findings.

The first experience in patients (phase II studies) with iohexol (Omnipaque) - a new non-ionic contrast medium - in intravenous urography (34 patients), cardioangiography (45 patients) and cerebral angiography (38 patents) is collectively reported. A non-comparative, multicentre design was used in all 3 applications. The objective was to assess the efficacy (the opacity to X-rays) and the tolerability of iohexol using routine contrast medium doses in a well defined adult population. No unexpected or severe reactions occurred in the 117 included or 9 excluded patients. Good efficacy was confirmed, and the contrast medium was well tolerated. The results warrant advancing iohexol into comparative phase III trials. The iohexol phase II studies and initial research in patients with contrast media in general are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

IgA antibodies in the bile of rats. I. Some characteristics of the primary response.

About a week after suspensions of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or killed Brucella abortus organisms were injected into the Peyer's patches of Wistar rats specific agglutinins of the IgA class appeared in the bile of titres which equalled or exceeded those of the IgG and IgM agglutinins in the blood serum. The injection of these antigens by conventional routes was relatively ineffective in inducing biliary antibodies. The relationship between the dose of B. abortus injected into the Peyer's patches and ensuing humoral response in the bile was investigated; a single dose of 5x10(5) organisms caused no detectable biliary response, while a dose of 10(9) organisms caused a substantial response in which specific antibodies persisted in the bile for several months, even though immunogenic material could not be recovered from the injection sites (the Peyer's patches) after a few weeks. A haemolytic plaque assay showed that many antibody-forming cells occurred in the mesenteric nodes and that up to half of them were synthesizing IgA. Few antibody-forming cells were found in Peyer's patches, and although some IgA-forming cells were found in the spleen they were less numerous, both in absolute terms and relative to cells producing other isotypes, than in the mesenteric nodes. The active production of biliary antibody was transferred to unimmunized recipients by thoracic duct lymph cells collected a few days after immunization of the donors when their lymph contained an increased percentage of immunoblasts. Athymic (nude) rats produced normal amounts of specific, biliary, IgA antibodies after immunization in the Peyer's patches with B. abortus but made no detectable response to similar injections of SRBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

IgA antibodies in the bile of rats. II. Evidence for immunological memory in secretory immunity.

The Peyer's patches of Wistar rats were injected with suspensions of either sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or killed Brucella abortus organisms in doses that were insufficient to induce the appearance of biliary antibodies. The rats were challenged after periods ranging from 1 week to 1 year with the same dose of antigen given by the same route, and their bile was monitored for the appearance of specific antibodies. The test animals produced biliary antibodies to a much higher titre, and usually more rapidly, than control rats which had received the total dose of antigen as a single injection. As in primary responses, the biliary antibodies produced by challenging the primed rats were predominantly from the IgA class. The ability to mount substantial biliary responses to suboptimal doses of antigen could be transferred from primed donor rats to unimmunized recipients by thoracic duct lymphocytes, but not humoral factors, collected between 3 weeks and 5 months after priming. Gamma-irradiation of the lymphocytes abolished this effect. These results suggest strongly that immunological memory exists in the IgA system and that it is mediated by circulating lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Elimination into bile of circulating antigen by endogenous IgA antibody in rats.

Rats injected once into their Peyer's patches with insoluble precipitates of chicken antibody and antigen produced antibodies to chicken IgG (CGG) of the IgM and IgA classes which rose steeply between days 3 and 5 after injection; IgG antibody was detected later and rose more slowly. The IgA antibody was almost entirely in the bile whilst IgM and IgG were found predominantly in serum. In immunized rats with cannulated bile ducts injected intravenously with radiolabelled CGG on day 5 up to 22% of the injected dose was recovered in the bile in 24 hr; in control rats the maximum recovery was 0.4%. Although the complexes were unstable, intact 125I-CGG (some of it bound to rat IgA and secretory component) was demonstrated in bile collected from immunized rats between 1.5 and 3 hr after injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Concentration of cefuroxime in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bacterial meningitis.

10 adults with bacterial meningitis were given 1.5 g cefuroxime intravenously 4 time daily in addition to the normal antibiotic treatment. CSF levels of cefuroxime ranged from 1.5 to 13.5 mg/l (mean 6.0 mg/l) in the aucte stage of the disease. In the convalescent stage, the cefuroxime levels in the CSF varied from less than 1 to 7.5 mg/l (mean 3.2 mg/l). The CSF levels of cefuroxime in all but one measurement, by far exceeded the MIC values reported for the vast majority of strains of the pathogen commonly associated with meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The elimination of circulating complexes containing polymeric IgA by excretion in the bile.

Radiolabelled human dimeric IgA injected intravenously into rats behaved like oligomeric rat IgA in that 40% of the injected dose was recovered in the bile within 6 h. Monomeric IgA was not transported into bile. In addition, dimeric IgA was able to carry with it macromolecular material in the form of a complex that also included rat SC. This was demonstrated in rats which had received an intravenous injection of specifically purified radiolabelled rabbit antibody tao the idiotype of a human IgA myeloma: when a later injection of unlabelled IgA dimer with the corresponding idiotype was given up to 18% of the rabbit antibody when the monomeric form of the same IgA was injected. This mechanism for clearing complexes containing polymeric IgA is mediated by hepatocytes and is distinct from the phagocyte-mediated mechanisms which clear conventional complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Studies of the transport of polyclonal IgA antibody from blood to bile in rats.

Bile or thoracic duct lymph, collected from rats 7-9 days after suspensions of B. abortus, S. typhi or SRBC had been injected into the Peyer's patches, contained high titres of specific agglutinins. Samples of these fluids were injected i.v. into unimmunized, syngeneic recipients and the partitioning between blood and bile of the injected antibodies was studied and found to depend on the source and class of the antibody. IgA antibodies from lymph plasma disappeared rapidly from the recipients' blood and half of the dose was recovered in the bile within 2 h of its injection. IgA antibodies which had been collected from bile and so had previously traversed the liver and acquired secretory component, appeared in the recipients' bile much less rapidly so that less than half of the dose entered the bile over a period of 40 h. Passively administered IgG antibodies did not enter the recipients' bile to any significant extent and specific haemolysins never appeared in the bile after either passive or active immunization.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1979

Hysterosalpingography with Amipaque.

The authors report their initial experience with Amipaque (metrizamide) in hysterosalpingography. Amipaque was compared to Isopaque Cerebral in 37 patients, using a double-blind design. Excellent radiographs were obtained with both agents. No statistically significant difference in discomfort and pain was found up to 24 hours after the procedure. However, the aftereffects indicate that Amipaque might be less irritating to the pelvic peritoneal cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Metrizamide in high-dose urography.

The non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium metrizamide (Amipaque) was used for high-dose urography in 11 patients with apparently normal renal function. Films of good quality were obtained. Adverse reactions and the effect on pulse and blood pressure as well as a large number of blood and urine laboratory parameters were recorded. Only clinically insignificant effects occurred, and the medium is recommended for further use in urography.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Amipaque in coronary angiography.

Comparative studies between Isopaque Coronar and Amipaque with equal concentration of iodine (370 mg I/ml), have been carried out in more than 130 patients. Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic registrations before, during and after selective coronary angiography showed that the diastolic blood pressure and heart rate decreased significantly less with Amipaque, while no significant differences were observed in various ECG parameters. Interestingly, it was observed that the left coronary artery contrast transit time was longer when using Amipaque. This phenomenon may reflect a difference between ionic and nonionic contrast media, but also a difference in viscosity. The quality of the angiograms was the same irrespectively of the contrast medium used.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

Amipaque: a new contrast medium in coronary angiography. Report of a double-blind study in man.

Isopaque Coronar and Amipaque (metrizamide) were evaluated in a comparative double-blind study of 30 patients with heart disease undergoing selective coronary angiography. Amipaque alone was also used for 9 additional patients undergoing left ventriculography, aortic root injection, and selective coronary angiography. Amipaque resulted in significantly less of a decrease in diastolic pressure and heart rate, reduced chest pain and heat sensation, and longer coronary contrast transit time. Electrorocardiographic parameters and image quality were equivalent with the 2 agents. No pathological changes were noted in the 9 patients undergoing complete angiocardiographic study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Publications on clinical trials with X-ray contrast media: differences in quality between journals and decades.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the quality of clinical trial publications on X-ray contrast media by use of a simple criteria list with 11 items. The publication quality in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s and in five radiological journals was compared. One hundred and three articles retrieved from the literature and published in Br J Radiol (British), Acta Radiol (Scandinavian), Radiology (American), RöFo (German) and in Ann Radiol (French) were finally included. The adapted method seemed to be suitable for roughly assessing the quality of contrast medium publications. The present reporting standard has increased considerably since the 1960s, however a higher standard is still needed. Although the limited material gathered in our investigation does not allow unequivocal statements, the results indicate that the reporting standard of the 1980s in the selected American, British and Scandinavian radiological journals was somewhat better than in the German journal and better than in the French journal. Use of the present or other assessment methods is one tool to improve the reporting standard.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amipaque (metrizamide) in vascular use and use in body cavities: a survey of the initial clinical trials.

A review of the initial 76 clinical trials with Amipaque in vascular radiology and in examinations of the body cavities, mostly performed in the Scandinavian countries, is given. The clinical material presented comprises a total of 2,661 Amipaque examinations, 1,784 examinations performed intravascularly and 515 in body cavities. In addition, 362 vascular examinations with Amipaque in children are presented. Generally, no difference in visualization compared to ionic media was found. However, improved visualization was reported in some few angiographic studies and higher contrast density was indicated in the urograms. Compared to ionic media, Amipaque caused considerably less subjective reactions and less hemodynamic effects. A remarkable reduction in post-phlebographic thrombosis following leg phlebography was found with Amipaque. No death related to Amipaque occurred, and few contrast medium reactions have been recorded. Thus, the good tolerability of the non-ionic Amipaque shown in animal studies has also been confirmed clinically outside the subarachnoid space.

Adult↗