[An hyperactive child].
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
Biomedical subjects
E Aronen
Publications and source records attributed to E Aronen.
Behavioural and emotional symptoms in 8-9-year-old children.
We present epidemiological data from a multi-centre study on psychiatric symptoms among 6017 8-9-year-old children representing a total annual birth cohort (N = 60007) in Finland. The results are based on three questionnaires: the Rutter Parent Scale (RA2), the Rutter Teacher Scale (RB2), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The proportion of children that scored above the cutoff points, indicating probable psychiatric disturbance, were 11.2% for the RA2, 13.9% for the RB2 and 6.9% for the CDI. Twenty-four percent of the subjects scored above the cutoff point on at least one of the questionnaires. Low family social status and disrupted family relations correlated strongly with high rates of symptoms in the children.
Child↗
Psychiatric disorders in 8-9-year-old children based on a diagnostic interview with the parents.
Using three questionnaires, the Rutter Parent Questionnaire (RA2), The Rutter Teacher Questionnaire (RB2) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), we screened 8-9-year-old children representing a total annual birth cohort (N = 60007) in Finland. In a second stage we interviewed the parents of 119 screen negative, and 316 screen positive children by using a structured parent interview. At the population level the overall prevalence rate for psychiatric disturbance was 21.8%, higher among boys (29.8%) than among girls (12.8%). Nine percent of the children were in urgent need of treatment and, in addition, 25% were in need of assessment. The prevalence of different levels of disturbance was: reactive 9.5%; neurotic 18.4%; borderline 3.1%; and other severe disorders 2.3%. The prevalence of different diagnostic groups were: anxiety disorder 5.2%; depressive disorder 6.2%; specific fears 2.4%; defiant and conduct disorder 4.7%; and attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder 7.1%. The prevalence for the most common single first Axis-I DSM-III-R diagnoses were: attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder 7%; dysthymia 4.6%; adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct 3.4%; oppositional defiant disorder 2.7%; specific fear 1.7%; anxiety disorder 1.5%; enuresis nocturnal 1.5%; and depression 1.4%. Only 3.1% of the children had visited health professionals for psychiatric problems during the previous three months. Only a minority of the children with psychiatric disturbances had ever consulted health professionals for their problems. Of all the children, 7.5% had a severe psychiatric disturbance that had lasted for more than 3 years.
Child↗
[Effect of home-based family counseling on the mental health of youths--15-year follow-up study].
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Adolescent↗
The effect of family counselling on the mental health of 10-11-year-old children in low- and high-risk families: a longitudinal approach.
This study investigated the effect of family counselling on the child's mental health in low- and high-risk families. The material consisted of 160 families with a baby born in 1975-76. First, the families were classified with a weighted risk index into low- and high-risk families. Eighty of the families attended a five-year-long family counselling program. The results of a ten year follow-up study showed that both the initial family risk and the counselling made a statistically significant contribution to the 10-11-year-old child's mental health. The counselling had a positive effect both in low- and high-risk families.
Child↗
[The effect of home visits on children's mental health].
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Child↗
[Persistence of psychological disorders in children 5-6 years of age to 10-11 years of age--a longitudinal study].
The sample covered 196 + 20 families and their children born between 1.7.1975-30.6.1976. The purpose of this study was to investigate the persistence of preschool aged childrens mental disturbances and to see what kind of problems show most stability. When the children of this sample were 5-6 years old their mental development was assessed by a child psychiatrist and a psychologist. Children were regarded as mentally normal or slightly or clearly disturbed. In addition children who showed mental symptoms were divided on the bases of the nature of their symptoms to emotionally disturbed and ego disturbed (conduct problems). When the children were at the age of 10-11 years the parents were sent a questionnaire designed by Rutter to find those children who had at that time mental problems. The children were sent a CDI-questionnaire, which measures the depression in children. According to the results of this study the mental disturbances in preschool age showed strong stability until the age of 10-11 years. Emotional disturbances at the preschool age predicted more later problems than conduct problems.
Child↗
[Predictability of psychological development of children in the preschool age based on familial risk factors].
The study was designed to identify children at risk for abnormal social and emotional development via home visits during the first 6 months of life. A total of 196 families were selected statistically from families seen at 8 counseling facilities in Helsinki. The study was part of a larger project on the prevention of psychiatric disorders in children through family counseling and involved both counseling and control groups. Each family was visited at home 3 to 6 times during the child's first 6 months to obtain an overview of the psychosocial situation. Each family was visited again when the child was 5 years old, a thorough assessment of both child and family being made at this time. When a child became 6 months old the chief investigators in the project assigned the family to one of 4 groups using the information in the home visit reports. This classification was based on factors of probable relevance for the child's emotional development, and 17% of the families were classified as "high-risk" families. The emotional development of the 5-year-olds was assessed by an outside psychiatrist and a psychologist. Both raters found a higher percentage of psychiatric disorders in the children in high-risk families than in the other children, and the difference was statistically significant. The question is discussed of how high-risk families can best be identified and how they can be helped.
Affective Symptoms↗