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Biomedical subjects

E Arteaga

Publications and source records attributed to E Arteaga.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Effects of hormone replacement therapy in bone resorption, in post-menopausal women].

BACKGROUND: The effects of different therapies on bone loss rate can be measured using biochemical markers of bone resorption such as urinary hydroxyproline. AIM: To study the effects of hormone replacement therapy on urinary hydroxyproline in postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty three postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy, 54 postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy and 16 premenopausal women (considered as the control group) were studied. Hydroxyproline was measured in an early morning urine sample, after one day of diet without meat or gelatin. RESULTS: Urinary hydroxyproline in premenopausal women was 33.7 +/- 7.9 mg/g creatinine. The figure for postmenopausal women with hormonal replacement therapy was 33.7 +/- 5.9 mg/g creatinine. Postmenopausal women without replacement therapy had an urinary hydroxyproline of 47.4 +/- 8.5 mg/g creatinine, significantly higher than that of premenopausal and supplemented women. In 21 postmenopausal women, hydroxyproline was measured before and after three months of replacement therapy, values decreased 35.5 +/- 11% in this period and there was a direct correlation between initial values and the degree of reduction (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy have a urinary hydroxyproline excretion similar to that of premenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Danazol and its effect on bone and lipid metabolism in patients with endometriosis].

Danazol is a synthetic steroid, derived from 17-alpha ethinyltestosterone and it is used primarily in the treatment of endometriosis. It effectiveness is due to a reversible hypoestrogenic and hyperandrogenic state, which lead to atrophy of the ectopic endometrial tissue. A prospective study was undertaken in 14 women of child-bearing age with laparoscopically confirmed pelvic endometriosis to evaluate the alterations produced in bone and lipid metabolism after a six month treatment with Danazol. Laboratory evaluation included: bone mineral density, urine hydroxiproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios, lipid profile, bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatases and plasma estradiol. A significant decrease in plasma estradiol levels was observed (p < 0.001). Decrease in HDL cholesterol and increase in LDL cholesterol levels were statistically significant after 3 and 6 months of medication (p < 0.001), but the lipoproteins returned to normal levels three months after discontinuing Danazol. The bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatases showed a progressive increase (p < 0.001) and there were no significant variations in the hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios. The osteodensitometry remained unchanged at 6 months of therapy. We conclude that, even though Danazol produces hypoestrogenism and hyperandrogenism, the markers of bone loss did not change, it has no negative effect on bone mineral density, and the transient worsening of the lipid profile that it causes is reversible on discontinuation of medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Relationship between ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac function in Chagas disease].

PURPOSE: It is well established the association between heart failure and arrhythmias in different cardiopathies. There are no studies in Chagas' myocardiopathy that analyze the relation between arrhythmias and left ventricular function. METHODS: We studied 629 patients with Chagas' disease, divided in 3 groups, according to ejection fraction obtained through echocardiographic study (normal, between 0.64 and 0.45, and below 0.44). RESULTS: At conventional ECG, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias was respectively in the 3 groups: 15%, 36% and 64%, showing higher incidence when left ventricular function was getting worse. CONCLUSION: Ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas' disease are frequent in patients with normal ejection fraction, and become more intense as ventricular dysfunction progresses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative study between ibopamine and captopril in mild and moderate heart failure. A double-blind study].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect on symptoms, exercise capacity (stress test) and myocardial response (Echo, and Holter) of ibopamine or captopril in patients with congestive heart failure. METHODS: Double-blind, parallel randomized study of 18 patients, 9 in each group, studied during three months at the outpatient clinic. Twelve were male, 6 female, all in heart failure functional class II or III. The age ranged from 27 to 67 year-old (mean 48.7 years). The patients received captopril 50 mg tid or ibopamine 100 mg tid. RESULTS: The patients presented clinical improvement in both groups. At the stress test there was an increase of exercise time from 9 to 17 minutes and from 12 to 16 minutes with captopril and ibopamine respectively. The Echo study showed respectively to captopril and ibopamine groups a left ventricular and diastolic diameter increase from 72 to 74 and from 74 to 75mm and a increase from 0.35 to 0.38 and from 0.35 to 0.39 of the left ventricular ejection fraction. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: These data show that ibopamine improved cardiac function, increasing the cardiac output, ejection fraction and exercise time and did not increase the incidence of arrhythmias. This effect is similar to that observed with captopril.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Frequency of lumbar spine osteopenia in an asymptomatic postmenopausal Chilean population].

The aim of this study was to assess lumbar spine bone density in a group of chilean postmenopausal females and to estimate the frequency of vertebral osteopenia in the national urban female population. A clinical assessment and lumbar spine bone density measurement were performed to 171 healthy women over 40 years of age and not receiving medications that modify bone turnover. Calcium ingestion was recalled in 77 of these. Fifty women (29.2%) had osteopenia, defined as a bone density of less than 0.92 g/cm2. Extrapolating this figure to the national urban population, an osteopenia frequency of 21.7% was estimated. Body mass index was 25.5 +/- 3.8 and 57% of the sample was overweight. Calcium ingestion was 740.3 +/- 331.7. These two parameters did not correlative with bone density. Women with osteopenia were older and had a longer postmenopausal lapse than those with normal bone density. The completion of further clinical an epidemiological studies is recommended to know the real magnitude of osteoporosis in Chile.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Basedow-Graves disease development in 2 patients with primary hypothyroidism: exceptional development of the autoimmune thyroid disease].

Autoimmune thyroid disease has multiple manifestations and its presentation may change with time. We report two patients with primary hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease that unexpectedly, developed a hyperthyroidism due to Basedow-Graves disease. This phenomenon may be explained by variations in the types and proportions of anti TSH receptor antibodies, that can stimulate or block thyroid gland function and growth. It is deducted that the hypothyroidism of these patients was not due to a definitive gland destruction, but to the action of function blocking antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Bone densitometry: is it a real clinical contribution?].

Bone absorptiometry has allowed a real progression in the study of osteoporosis. Radiological dual-photon absorptiometry measures bone density with a precision near to 1%, which renders it useful for clinical use. Osteoporosis is specially prevalent among women older than 50 years. Since the disease is usually silent and there is not treatment to increase bone mass, its early detection is mandatory. The National Osteoporosis Foundation has specified the indications for bone absorptiometry. Although the routine measurement in postmenopausal women is not recommended, the author estimates that this guidance will change, due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic osteopenia in these women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Biochemical markers of bone remodeling and bone density in healthy postmenopausal women].

The aim of this study was to study bone turnover and density in postmenopausal women. One hundred healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 86 years, in whom menopause occurred between 3 months and 33 years before and were not receiving medications that could alter bone metabolism, were studied. Measurements performed were serum alkaline phosphatases, urine hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine excretion ratios and lumbar spine and femoral bone densities. Mean urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine excretion ratio was 39.5 +/- 11.9 (over 45 in 26% of women) and calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.11 +/- 0.08 (over 0.12 in 29% of women). At least one of these measurements were increased in 39% of women and no relationship of these values with age or length of postmenopausal period was found. Alkaline phosphatases were elevated in 9.6% of women. Twenty six percent of women had lumbar spine osteopenia and 10% femoral neck osteopenia. There was an inverse relationship between the length of hypoestrogenism and bone density. It is concluded that more than one third of studied women had biochemical evidences of bone resorption and that these women had a higher frequency of osteopenia than the general population. A decrease in bone density and an increase in bone resorption indices identify women with higher risk of osteoporosis that could be benefitted with an opportune treatment.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

[Pharmacological modification of prolactinemia. Effects on cellular immune function in normal subjects].

Prolactin markedly influences cellular and humoral immunity in animals, but there is little information on its role in men. The aim of this work was to study the immune effects of pharmacological modification of prolactin levels in 5 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative response to mitogens and antigens, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, soluble and membrane IL-2 receptor expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum soluble IL-2 receptors were successively measured during normoprolactinemia, during bromocriptine induced hypoprolactinemia and during metoclopramide induced hyperprolactinemia. There was a significant increase in cellular proliferation during hypoprolactinemia when compared with hyperprolactinemia. No concomitant changes in soluble or membrane receptor expression or IL-2 production were observed. It is concluded that lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens is dependent on prolactin levels in man and that this effects is not mediated by IL-2 or its receptors. These results may be potentially relevant in clinic since changes in serum prolactin have been described in different autoimmune diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Usefulness of GnRH agonists in preoperative treatment of complicated uterine myomata].

The use of long acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonist produces a reversible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This effect has been used as presurgical treatment of uterine myomata, resulting in amenorrhea and reduction in uterus and tumour sizes. We describe the case of a 43 year old patient, having a uterine myoma associated with metrorrhagia, admitted to hospital because of extensive deep phlebothrombosis requiring urgent anticoagulation. Because of the risk of exacerbating metrorrhagia and considering the high morbidity associated to emergency hysterectomy, we decided medical treatment with a depot GnRH agonist (leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg IM monthly). Bleeding ceased within 3 days, allowing the maintenance of anticoagulant treatment. A marked reduction in uterine size postponed total hysterectomy to 3 months later. The characteristics of GnRH analogues, their action mechanisms, adverse effects and other clinical indications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase defect: frequency of presentation in a sample of Chilean hirsute women].

The defect of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) is frequent among hirsute women and clearly dependent on the ethnic composition of the studied population. Our aim was to study the frequency of 3 beta HSD deficit in a group of Chilean hirsute women. Basal and post ACTH concentrations of cortisol, 17 hydroxyprogesterone and 17 hydroxypregnenolone were measured by RIA in 40 hirsute post puberal women and in 15 normal age matched female volunteers. Criteria for considering a 3 beta HDS deficit were 17 hydroxypregnenolone values and 17 hydroxypregnenolone/17 hydroxyprogesterone and 17 hydroxypregnenolone/cortisol ratios after ACTH stimulation over the 95% confidence intervals of normal women. Basal dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and testosterone levels were also measured in hirsute women. All samples were obtained during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. ACTH stimulated hormone values and ratios were diagnostic for 3 beta HDS deficit in 7.5% of hirsute women. Basal testosterone was over 80 ng/dl in 47.5% and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate over 3.9 micrograms/ml in 52.5% of these women. There was no correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone values and ACTH stimulated hormone values. It is concluded that 3 beta HSD is frequent in hirsute women and that its diagnosis requires the determination of ACTH stimulated 17 hydroxypregnenolone values and 17 hydroxypregnenolone/17 hydroxyprogesterone ratio.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Analysis of 84 cases].

During the last two decades, the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) has changed due to the routine use of multiphasic biochemical screening tests. We assessed 84 patients with PHP treated in our service between 1977 and 1991. The yearly incidence increased from 1.6 to 7.6 patients/year with the introduction of multiphasic biochemical testing in our hospital in 1982; likewise the proportion of asymptomatic patients increased from 12.5 to 40.7%. The most frequent presenting symptoms were bone pain and renal colic. Nineteen percent of patients were over 70 years old and this age group had distinct clinical features. The plasma chlorine/phosphorus ratio was abnormal in 95% of cases; on the contrary only 7 of 18 patients had a urinary calcium excretion over 300 mg/day. Cervical ultrasound, performed in 45 patients had a positive predictive value of 78% to localize the lesion. Bone density was below fracture threshold in 50% of studied patients. The principal surgical finding was the presence of adenoma. Twenty one percent of patients had symptomatic hypocalcemia during the first week after surgery; however, only 2.5% of patients continued to have hypocalcemia one month after surgery. One patient had an inferior laryngeal nerve damage and two a cervical hematoma. It is concluded that the introduction of massive calcium measurements has allowed an early diagnosis of asymptomatic PHP, specially in elderly people.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

[Secondary amenorrhea and LH hypersecretion. An unusual report of a granulosa cell ovarian tumor].

Granulosa cell ovarian tumors are infrequent. Since they originate from the gonadal stroma, they retain a high secretory potential and some of their clinical manifestations may be secondary to the production of sexual steroids. A 36 year old woman with an ovarian tumor presenting as a secondary amenorrhea is reported. This patient had a positive progesterone test and her hormonal profile showed a maintained LH hypersecretion (> 75 mUl/ml) which, joined to the presence of a hypophyseal microadenoma lead to suspect the presence of a gonadotrophin secreting tumor. The absence of LH response to TRH and its adequate suppression using oral contraceptives discarded this diagnosis. The histopathology of the excised ovarian tumor demonstrated that it is was a granulosa cell tumor. The physiopathological explanation of the case is based on the maintained levels of estrogens produced by the tumor that, through a positive feed-back mechanism similar to that of the polycystic ovary syndrome, produced a tonic LH elevation and GnRH hyper response. After the tumor excision, ovulatory cycles resumed and the patient became pregnant, facts that confirm the postulated hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Male sex. Prognostic factor in Chagas' disease].

PURPOSE: To verify if the ventricular function and the incidence of arrhythmias in patients of both sexes could be predominant in male patients with Chagas' disease. METHODS: Six hundred and thirty one patients were studied, 329 female and 302 male, with age of 10 to 64 years old (mean 40). All patients were submitted to M mode echocardiographic study to analyse the ejection fraction (EF). To verify the importance of the ventricular dysfunction in male and female patients, they were divided according to the EF in three groups: A) normal EF, B) EF between 0.64 and 0.45 and C) EF less than 0.44. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia was analyzed at the stress test or 24h Holter studies. RESULTS: The number of patients with depressed EF was more frequent on male patients (p < 0.0001). The incidence of ventricular tachycardia was similar in both sexes, however it was more frequent in patients with ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Our results show that there are greater myocardial dysfunction on male patients, what could explain the worse prognosis observed on patients of this sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Postoperative radiotherapy in adenomas of the hypophysis].

Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 58 patients with pituitary adenomas from 1977 to 1987. There were 21 non functioning adenomas and 22 growth hormone producing tumors. Extrasellar extension was found in 59% of patients. Radiotherapy was performed electively in 38 patients and due to tumor recurrence in 20. Megavoltage radiation was used in all patients. A dose of 5000 cGy in 5 weeks was attained in 54 of 58 patients. The recurrence free survival was 81% after a median follow-up of 6.8 years. Hypopituitarism developed in 13 of 58 patients. These findings confirm that external radiotherapy offers a real curative alternative for patients with macroadenomas of the pituitary gland.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

[The electrocardiogram in endomyocardial fibrosis].

PURPOSE: To detail the most common electrocardiographic findings on the endomyocardial fibrosis and to correlate with the ventricular form. METHODS: One hundred patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (68 female) with ages between 5 and 64 years old (mean 34 years). According to ventriculographic aspect the patients were divided in three groups: group I--11 patients with predominant right ventricular compromise; group II--58 patients with biventricular involvement, but not necessarily similar in intensity; group III--31 patients with predominant left ventricular compromise. RESULTS: On patients with predominant right ventricular compromise, the electrocardiographic pattern was of QRS complex of low voltage in the frontal plane, presence of incomplete right bundle block and QRS complex with low voltage and with qr or qs aspect in V1 contrasting with QRS complex of great amplitude on V2 and V3. Left anterior hemiblock, aspect of inactive area, and R waves of high voltage on left precordial leads were observed on patients with predominant left ventricular involvement. CONCLUSION: The electrocardiogram of endomyocardial fibrosis, in spite of inespecific, may help in the identification of ventricular involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A prepubertal surge of thyrotropin precedes an increase in thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in normal children.

The variations in plasma levels of TSH, T4, T3, and rT3, during the pubertal period, were studied in 647 school students from the urban area of Santiago in Chile (47% males and 53% females) with ages ranging between 7.5 and 15 yr. The subjects were grouped by age in consecutive intervals of 6 months each, and pubertal development was determined in every subject. TSH showed a significant increase, reaching a peak in the 9- to 9.5-yr interval. The same was found for T3 and T4, which reached a peak by 10 and 11 yr. The T4/T3 ratio did not show any significant variation with age. After 9.5 yr, a decrease in rT3 and increase in the T4/rT3 ratio was found. The TSH peak preceded the onset of clinical pubertal development, while the T3 and T4 peaks coincided with this onset. The variations in rT3 suggest an increase of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. These transient events, not described until now, could be termed thyroidarche and could have a significant effect on pubertal growth and development.

Adolescent↗