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Biomedical subjects

E Auclair

Publications and source records attributed to E Auclair.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Round and anatomical mammary implants. Respective advantages and disadvantages].

The authors report of their experience of mammary augmentation with anatomical implants from 10 years ago. The important proportion of rotation of those anatomical implants obliged them to stop the clinical serie. Sylvain Staub return to a "revisited" classical technique with round implants, smooth in a majority of cases and placed them most of the time in a retromuscular pocket. Eric Auclair, ceduced by the concept of anatomical implants, decided to continue in this direction with a personal concept of anti rotation system. He shows a strategie of mammary augmentation that favorise the premuscular position and define the respective place of round and anatomical implants.

Breast↗
PubMed2000

Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological profile of 9-amino-4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6, 7,1-hi]indoles: discovery of potent, selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors.

The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological properties of a novel series of potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are described. These new aminodiazepinoindoles displayed in vitro PDE4 activity with submicromolar IC(50) values and PDE4 selectivity vs PDE1, -3, and -5. Specifically, one compound (CI-1044, 10e) provided efficient in vitro inhibition of TNFalpha release from hPBMC and hWB with IC(50) values of 0.34 and 0.84 microM, respectively. This compound was found to exhibit potent in vivo activity in antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment in Brown-Norway rats (ED(50) = 3.2 mg/kg po) and in production of TNFalpha in Wistar rats (ED(50) = 2.8 mg/kg po). No emetic side effects at therapeutic doses were observed in ferrets.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed2000

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indoles: novel PDE4 inhibitors.

A novel series of benzodiazepine derivatives have been discovered as inhibitors of PDE4 enzymes. We have found that our compounds are selective versus other PDE enzymes, and that the activity can be modulated by specific structural modifications. One compound exhibited a strong eosinophilic infiltration inhibiting action on sensitized Brown-Norway rats (compound 9, 5.1 mg/kg p.o.), moreover this compound is not emetic at 3 mg/kg i.v.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1997

[Contribution of microsurgical transfers in filling cranio-facial substantial losses].

In the series reported in the literature, microsurgical transfers for craniofacial reconstruction generally concern the face. The authors present a series of four complex reconstructions of the cranial vault and orbital floor. In one case, they used a prefabricated radial pedicle flap and, in the other cases, they used two-stage cover flaps, with satisfactory results.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Lateral fat in upper blepharoplasty].

"The eyebrow fat pad" was described by Charpy in 1909 without raising the interest of plastic surgeons. Over the last 5 years, we have removed this fat in 20% of our cases of superior blepharoplasty. This technique allows a reduction of the thickness of the upper eyelid to a lesser degree than that obtained by bone remodelling. We present the operating technique illustrated by clinical examples.

Esthetics↗
PubMed1994

[Free transfer in the emergency treatment of complex injuries of the arm. Apropos of 18 cases].

In 18 cases the authors used a free tissue transfer during the first 24 hours of the treatment of a complex trauma of the upper limb involving osteoarticular and neurovascular loss combined with loss of skin cover. The various flaps include: lateral arm flap (8 cases), latissimus dorsi flap (4 cases), toe to hand transfer (4 cases), radial forearm flap (2 cases). The series includes 2 failures salvaged without further sequelae by means of a groin flap. With regard to complex one-stage reconstructions, particularly those requiring replacement of bone, the outcome is improved if the selected method permits early mobilisation and complete cover. Free transfers are to be compared with loco-regional flaps which are more reliable but suffer limitations such as a small cutaneous element and, frequently, involvement of the pedicle in the mechanism of the trauma. For the severe cases in this series, only free tissue transfers provided the adequate, immediate cover required to save the traumatised limb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Use of an external brachial flap in the reconstruction of the upper limb. Apropos of 11 cases].

During the last three years, eleven lateral upper arm flaps were used in the reconstruction of skin defects of the upper limb. These flaps were applied: 7 times on the hand; 2 times on the fore-arm; 2 times on the elbow. Ten flaps had a free transfer, one was vascularised by the distal pedicle. In 4 cases we used an emergency free transfer in the treatment of a traumatic defect. In the other cases the flaps were used in the treatment of post-traumatic sequelae such as contracture and/or osteitis. The series contains 10 fascio-cutaneous flaps and 1 osteo-cutaneous flap. We had one failure with an emergency free flap, salvaged without further sequelae by means of a groin flap. The proximity of the donor site in an upper limb reconstruction makes the lateral upper arm flap a good alternative when a pedicle locoregional flap cannot be used due to a lesion of its pedicle in the mechanism of the trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Repair of mammary ptosis by insertion of an internal absorbable support and periareolar scar].

Since 1989, we have operated 38 patients with breast ptosis with or without hypertrophy according to a technique which leaves a periareolar scar. The principles of this technique are: periareolar skin resection, dissection between the skin and gland over the entire surface of the gland, mastopexy, insertion of an absorbable mesh onto the anterior surface of the gland which constitutes an internal support, closure by the isolated periareolar scar. In our hands, this technique cannot be used to treat all forms of breast ptosis, but gives excellent results in certain selected indications such as tuberous breasts, breast asymmetry with one normal breast, ptosis and moderate hypertrophy. The reliability of the technique despite extensive dissection is remarkable and the stability with a follow-up of 3 years is good when the indication has been correctly defined. In comparison with other periareolar techniques, our approach has the advantage of not leaving any nonabsorbable elements in the wound, the only guarantee of reliability of clinical and radiological surveillance of the breast.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Reversible or irreversible modification of [3H]PAF binding on rabbit platelet membranes differentiates various PAF receptor antagonists.

[3H]Platelet-activating factor (PAF) binding to rabbit platelet membranes was examined before and after 20 min preincubation at 25 degrees C in the presence of PAF, lysoPAF, or of five different PAF receptor antagonists (L 652731, BN 52021, WEB 2086, BN 52111 and BN 52115). When platelet membranes were not washed after preincubation with PAF or PAF antagonists, no significant specific binding of [3H]PAF was observed, which suggests full occupancy of the binding sites. When membranes were extensively washed, full recovery of specific [3H]PAF binding was attained with L 652731 and partial recoveries (60%, 55% and 30%) were reached with BN 52021, WEB 2086 and PAF, respectively; no recovery was seen with the dioxolanes BN 52111 and BN 52115. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated that no significant change in the dissociation constant (Kd) and maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) occurred after preincubation of platelet membrane with L 652731, whereas a reduction of Bmax was observed when PAF and BN 52021 were measured. When platelet membranes were preincubated with WEB 2086, Bmax and Kd significantly increased. The data suggest differing binding properties for PAF and the PAF antagonists. Some of the PAF antagonists may tightly bind to the PAF receptor site(s) and/or irreversibly modify or downregulate PAF recognition sites. Our results also suggest that the interaction of PAF receptor antagonists with PAF receptor can be divided into at least two components, namely a reversible component and an irreversible one.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of glucose, medium- and long-chain triglyceride gastric loads and forced exercise on food intake and body weight in rats.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oesophageal loads of glucose, medium (MCT)-and long-chain (LCT) triglycerides, plus treadmill exercise on food intake and body weight in rats. On test days, male rats were administered a gastric aqueous solution of glucose, MCT, LCT or water via an oesophageal tube. One hour later, the animals were forced to run on a treadmill for two hours at a speed of 20 m/min at 0% grade. At the beginning of the 12-hour dark cycle (at 7 p.m.) runners were returned to their cages. On control days, the same gastric loads were administered, but the animals remained in their cages. Food intake was continuously measured during both the dark and light periods. A reduction in body weight and total food intake was found after exercise. The food intake suppressing effect of exercise was seen in the first hours of the dark period. Following MCT and LCT oil stomach loads FI decrease was comparable but the latency of the effect varied. Stomach loads of MCT oil induced a reduction in FI within the 0-3 h of food availability whereas LCT oil suppressed intake during the 3-6-h dark period. This could be explained by their different metabolite fate.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of recurrent Dupuytren's disease by scalar incision and firebreak graft].

We report our experience of the use of a scalar type incision associated with a total skin graft in the treatment of recurrences of Dupuytren's contracture. This is not an original technique, but one described by Hueston in 1984, which consists of a "Fire Break" skin graft after a simple transverse incision of recurrent Dupuytren's contracture. We attribute the absence of recurrence with this graft to the impossibility of the disease to affect the thin tissue between the skin graft and the underlying tendons. Our series is composed of 25 patients, all male. The majority of these patients had undergone surgery on a single occasion before treatment of recurrences with an average time interval of seven years. In a great majority of cases the little finger was deformed and generally severely (stage III or IV). All of our patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 28 months after surgery, and we did not observe any recurrences under the graft. In this series, which remains too small and too recent, 67% of cases presented an acceptable result with nearly complete extension and satisfactory grasp. We do not apply this technique to the treatment of all cases of recurrent Dupuytren's contracture, but we reserve it preferentially for elderly patients, operated on several occasions for ulnar fingers especially the little finger, in digital or digito-palmar forms in which the deformity predominates on the proximal interphalangeal joint with marked digital infiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Objective evaluation of the results of interventions for breast hypertrophy].

It would appear to be impossible to compare completely different techniques of mammaplasty performed in very different clinical situations. However, we thought it would be useful to approach the result of mammaplasties from a more "orthopaedic" point of view. Such an approach distinguishes populations of patients with different results and in whom the postoperative assessment must take into account the result obtained, the residual scars and the final breast shape. A formula has been developed after multiple attempts: [formula: see text] This formula expresses positive factors: the quantity of glandular tissue removed (in grams), the final appearance of the scars, the appearance of the overall shape of the two reconstructed breasts and the reappearance of ptosis measured from the edges of the breast below the inframammary sulcus (in the erect position). In this way, it is possible to express these positive factors by the multiplying the scores attributed to each of the factors. For example, a resection of 150 g will be scored as 1.5 and a resection of 1,200 g will be scored as 12, i.e. the weight in grams is simply divided by 100 to give the score for weight. The scar will be scored according to an individual scale of 1 to 5. The shape will also be scored according to an individual scale of 1 to 5. The division factors include the length of the inframammary scar (segment 3); this inframammary vertical line will be included directly in the calculation. In contrast, the length of the horizontal inframammary scar will be divided by 10.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic effects of glucose, medium chain triglyceride and long chain triglyceride feeding before prolonged exercise in rats.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that oral ingestion of lipids could increase endurance by slowing the rate of glycogen depletion. Trained rats were killed after a 2 h run on a rodent treadmill, following an intragastric infusion of water, glucose, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or long chain triglycerides (LCT). Glucose and triglycerides were administered in equicaloric concentrations (50 kJ). The results show that oral ingestion of lipids (MCT or LCT) did not reduce glycogen depletion in liver, heart or skeletal muscle after exercise whereas the fat diet increased muscle and heart glycogen stores in resting conditions. In contrast, glucose feeding induced a significant sparing effect on endogenous carbohydrate utilization and reduced physical exercise lipolysis. These data indicated, firstly, that enhanced lipid availability induced by a single lipid meal before exercise was not able to modify the glycogen depletion occurring after exercise and, secondly, that the glucose/fatty acid cycle was not effective in these conditions. The comparison between lipids indicated that the effect on glycogen use of MCT did not differ from that of LCT, and did not seem to be of any particular importance during physical exercise.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1988

Comparative pharmacokinetics of D- and L-alphamethyldopa in plasma, aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits.

The 2 stereoisomers of alphamethyldopa (alpha MD) were separately injected IV at 3 different doses (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) in anesthetized rabbits. Samples of plasma, aqueous humor (AH), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected over a 300-min period. The concentration of the aminoacid (AA) was determined by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Parameters obtained from kinetic analyses of the plasma concentrations were close to the values reported in other species. Linear elimination kinetics were observed in the dose range studied. A marked dose-dependent entry of alpha MD was observed in AH. A stereospecific active transport of alpha MD was evidenced in the AH since the concentration of the L-isomer reached values above the plasma levels. CSF entry of the AA was small when compared to AH kinetics. A limited passive diffusion of the AA in the brain could account for this phenomenon. However, greater availability of the L-stereoisomer was still observed in CSF. These alpha MD kinetic analyses illustrate the adaptation of AH and CSF removal procedures to the pharmacokinetic studies of the brain and ocular entry of AA isomers.

Animals↗