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Biomedical subjects

E B Helm

Publications and source records attributed to E B Helm.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Experience with new vaccines in rabies vaccination treatment (author's transl)].

As a result of our experience in 266 persons vaccinated with HDC vaccine we consider this type of vaccine to be a great advance. In spite of our very positive judgement we are of the opinion that vaccination should not be done without adequate indication. This type of vaccine contains certain imponderables which argue against widespread vaccination. At any rate, complications occurred in one of our patients vaccinated with HDC vaccine Mérieux. Nevertheless we consider vaccination before exposure of persons who are genuinely at risk, such as veterinarians, laboratory staff in rabies laboratories and possibly also hunters and agriculturalists in infected areas to be acceptable.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Effects of ampicillin and cefazolin combined with mecillinam (author's transl)].

Combination effects of mecillinam + ampicillin and mecillinam + cefazolin were investigated by the cross diffusion test and by the kinetics of bactericidal action. Synergism was found by cross diffusion in about 50% of strains of E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus. Sensitivity against ampicillin was correlated with synergism. In mecillinam-resistant strains, synergism is usually absent. The combination of ampicillin or cefazolin with mecillinam leads to bactericidal acceleration; the effects are comparable to those of the combination with gentamycin. Mecillinam seems to be a clinically promising agent for combination chemotherapy. A simple test for synergism is desirable.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1978

[Activity of antibiotics in body fluids (author's transl)].

MIC and kinetic of bactericidal activity was determined for various antibiotics in body fluids (plasmawater, bile, amniotic fluid and urine). Beta-lactam antibiotics demonstrated slight loss of activity against enterobacteriaceae. The newer cephalosporine compounds, cefoxitin, cefuroxime and HR 756 showed an increase in activity in plasmawater. Carbenicillin was more active in plasmawater, bile and amniotic fluid than in broth. There was a difference in gentamycin activity against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: enhanced activity against E. coli in body fluids and diminished against pseudomonas. Tetracycline was less active in body fluids, specially in alkaline bile. The combination ampicillin/gentamycin against E. coli was more effective in plasmawater than in DST agar. Cefazolin/gentamycin demonstrated no synergism. Although carbenicillin/tobramycin were not synergistic against pseudomonas aeruginosa in plasmawater. The marked differences in different body fluids should be taken into consideration when new antibiotics are introduced.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of pseudomonas infection with the new ureidopenicillin, azlocillin (author's transl)].

Azlocillin, in vitro four to eight times more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than carbenicillin, was administered to 30 patients severely ill and having an additional pseudomonas infection. The drug was given at a dose of 4-6 g, in one case 8 g, per day, sometimes together with an aminoglycoside. Treatment was effective in 20, improvement occurred in five and failure only in four. In one instance the effect of the drug could not be evaluated. Results were particularly striking in septicaemia and necrotising external otitis. Pulmonary and wound infections in patients with circulatory disturbances did not respond so well. There were no serious side effects. The drug should not as yet be used at too high a dosage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Immunogenicity, efficacy and reactogenicity of a human diploid cell strain (HDCS) rabies vaccine in man; recommendations for pre- and post-exposure application (vaccination scheme) (author's transl)].

Since 1973 a total of 365 individuals between 4 and 74 years of age were vaccinated with the HDCS-rabies-vaccine produced by Mérieux/Lyon. Only minor local side reactions were observed in some patients. No adverse systemic reactions due to the vaccine occurred in any of the vaccinees. Seroconversion was observed in 100% of the vaccinated subjects. Neutralizing antibodies could be demonstrated in all 365 vaccinees in titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:2238 (0.35 to 72.5 I.U) employing 200 LD 50 of rabies virus in the mouse neutralization test. The persistence of antibodies has been followed up for 2 years. The efficacy of the HDCS-vaccine in post-exposure treatment proved to be reliable. Sixteen patients suffered bites, scratches, cuts und abrasions by proven rabid animals. Another 8 patients had come into close contact with saliva of confirmed rabid animals. None of these patients developed clinical rabies during an observation period now covering 1-3 years. The HDCS-rabies-vaccine, thus, proved to be well tolerated, innocuous and highly protective. Under those aspects, this vaccine must be considered superior to the duck-embryo-vaccine currently licensed in Germany and should be preferred for propylactic and post-exposure vaccination as well. The postexposure schedule elaborated in our laboratory has been adopted and recommended by a WHO expert group on rabies. The data presented here constitute the first report on post-exposure application of HDCS-rabies-vaccine in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Change of form of septicaemic diseases (author's transl)].

As to pathogens causing septicaemic diseases, the era of antibiotics has brought about a shift from gram-positive cocci to gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli. 628 septicaemic infections verified by haemocultures were evaluated from January 1, 1960 until March 31, 1975. Septicaemic complications in haemodialyses originated either from infections of the shunt or of the dialytic system, or septicaemia occurred as a result of infusion. In 110 patients presenting myeloid insufficiency, the pathogen ranking first was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by E. coli and Klebsiellae. The entire spectrum of facultatively pathogenic bacteria is capable of causing septicaemic complications in myeloid insufficiency. Postoperative endocarditis may be particularly serious and problematical.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Antibacterial activity of antibiotics in human bile (author's transl)].

Marked differences exist between antibacterial activity in human bile and broth. Whereas penicillins and cephalosporines exhibit virtually the same activity in broth and bile, tetracycline shows a great lose, and the activity of the aminoglykosides is increased in bile. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of chlorampenicol and co-trimoxazole are also different in broth and human bile. The differences in activity are related to the pH although not all deviations can be attributed to the effect of the pH. These results should be considered when treating gallbladder infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Study on the antibacterial activity of penicillins and cephalosporines in urine (author's transl)].

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin (PEN), ampicillin (AMP), cephalothin (CEF), cefazolin (CEZ), carbenicillin (CAR) and ticarcillin (TIC) were determined against Strep. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Prot. mirabilis and Ps. aeruginosa in Sensitivity Test Broth (STB) and human urine. Marked differences were seen in MIC between these two media, especially against P. mirabilis strains tested. Against E. coli the MIC of AMP, CEF and CEZ were similar or slightly lower in urine than in STB. MIC for CAR against E. coli were higher in urine. Against K. pneumoniae the MIC for CEF and CEZ were 2-4fold higher in urine than in STB. The activity of CAR and TIC against Ps. aeruginosa was lower in urine. Albeit high concentrations of antibiotics (up to 800fold) no inhibition was achieved in urine against P. mirabilis by AMP, CEF or CEZ. Only against Strep. faecalis all tested antibiotics had lower MIC in urine than in STB.

Ampicillin↗