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Biomedical subjects

E B Kenney

Publications and source records attributed to E B Kenney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Histomorphometry of bone apposition around three types of endosseous dental implants.

Three different types of commercially available dental implants (Nobelpharma, IMZ, and Integral) were implanted in the edentulous mandibles of seven adult mongrel dogs. Twenty-one implants were harvested with block sections after 12 weeks and embedded in polymethyl methacrylate resin. Undecalcified sections were prepared with the sectioning-grinding technique. The percentage of bone contacting the implant surface was measured with a self-designed histomorphometry method using a millimeter grid in a stereomicroscope. The results demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of bone along the hydroxyapatite-coated implant than that seen with the titanium-surfaced implant types.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1991

The use of autogenous periosteal grafts as barriers for the treatment of Class II furcation involvements in lower molars.

This study clinically analyzed the efficacy of a connective tissue graft including the periosteum used as a barrier to enhance new attachment and osseous regeneration. Fifteen patients, with no systemic diseases, and adult periodontitis including 2 Class II furcation involvements in lower molars comprised the study group. After completion of the initial phase of therapy, all patients were treated with full-thickness periodontal flaps, using sulcular incisions, and thorough scaling and root planing. One furca, selected at random, had a connective tissue graft, obtained from the palate and including the periosteum, placed over the furca with the flap sutured over the top of this graft. Control furcas received no graft and the flap was sutured in its original position. Both molars were treated in the same session. The following presurgical measurements were made: probing pocket depth, attachment level, gingival recession, sulcular bleeding index, and plaque index. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the osseous defects were recorded after flap elevation and debridement. Six months later all clinical parameters were again measured and reentry flaps were performed to measure the bony defects. No statistically significant differences were found preoperatively between control and experimental molars with respect to soft tissue and osseous measurements. Six months after surgery, the experimental molars showed, in comparison to the controls, significant reduction in pocket depth and gain in attachment level as well as in vertical and horizontal measurements of the inter-radicular osseous defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The treatment of interproximal vertical bony defects with porous hydroxyapatite.

It is apparent that the use of reconstructive procedures in the treatment of vertical interdental defects offers a significant clinical advantage over conventional nonregenerative procedures. This article reviews in depth the various studies in which porous hydroxyapatite was used in interproximal vertical bony defects.

Alveoloplasty↗
PubMed1990

Comparative clinical study of porous hydroxyapatite and decalcified freeze-dried bone in human periodontal defects.

Interproximal bony defects were treated with either porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) or decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDB) implants at two different clinical centers. Twelve paired defects in 12 patients were treated at each center. Six months post-surgically the defects were measured to assess changes from the presurgical status. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in changes in gingival fluid, bleeding index, plaque index, or tooth mobility. The porous hydroxyapatite implant produced greater reduction in pocket depth (P = 0.03) and more gain in clinical attachment level (P = 0.001) and defect fill (P = 0.001) when compared with DFDB grafted sites. This study indicates that more clinical resolution of interproximal periodontal defects in humans can be obtained with the use of PHA than with the use of DFDB.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of class II furcation defects using porous hydroxylapatite in conjunction with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the use of a porous hydroxylapatite in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration technique influenced the clinical results in the treatment of Class II furcation defects in humans. Fifteen subjects with a mean age of 39.4 +/- 9.3 years were used in this study. All subjects had Class II furcation defects on the buccal surfaces of 2 lower molars. In each subject one furcation defect was filled with granular porous hydroxylapatite and then a barrier of polytetrafluoroethylene periodontal material was positioned over the furcation. The other furca was treated in the same manner except that no hydroxylapatite was used. The flaps were placed coronally to their presurgical level. Before the surgery and 6 months postsurgery all areas were clinically evaluated using the same clinical parameters. Reentry procedures were used to repeat measurements of the osseous defects made during the initial surgery. At 6 months both surgical procedures resulted in statistically significant reduction in pocket depth and gain in probing attachment level with no significant difference between the two surgical procedures. When porous hydroxylapatite was used in conjunction with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, however, less gingival recession and more defect fill were obtained. This study suggests that there is a difference in healing of molar furcations when porous hydroxylapatite is used in conjunction with a barrier membrane. The lesions treated with porous hydroxylapatite gain in clinical attachment and horizontal and vertical bone fill, while the lesions treated with membrane only gain probing attachment with less bony fill.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of guided tissue regeneration in Class II furcation defects. A clinical re-entry study.

Twelve patients with two comparable furcation Class II lesions in lower molars were included in this study. After adequate presurgical preparation and pertinent clinical measurements, the areas were treated with full thickness flaps and thorough debridement and scaling and planing of the root surfaces. One of the defects was randomly selected to be covered with Gore-Tex periodontal material, held in place by sling sutures of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. On both sites the flaps were positioned slightly coronal to their original level and sutured. After 6 months both sites were re-entered surgically and remeasured. The test sites showed a statistically significant reduction in pocket depth and gain in attachment levels while the controls had not changed from preoperative levels. No changes in bone levels were detected in test or control sites. However, because of the large variability in the measurements, and the short period of observation, there may be differences in bony changes between the two therapies. Studies with larger groups, more accurate methods, and longer time intervals are needed to better evaluate the effects of barrier membranes in periodontal healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Uncovering implants.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1989

Soft-tissue modifications of surgical techniques for placement and uncovering of osseointegrated implants.

The recommended modifications of soft-tissue management for two-stage implant surgeries have resulted in improved access for implant placement, accommodation of surgical stents, less formation of cicatrix in the vestibules, better control of flap extensions resulting in improved esthetics, and improved tissue quality for long-term peri-implant maintenance and success. The implication of periodontal guidelines to the uncovering procedure of dental implants result in decreased thickness of peri-implant tissues and less pocket formation around the transmucosal sleeves. These modifications contribute significantly to the long-term periodontal maintenance of peri-implant tissues.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1988

A comparative clinical study of solid and granular porous hydroxylapatite implants in human periodontal osseous defects.

Solid and granular porous hydroxylapatite implants were compared in the surgical treatment of angular interproximal periodontal defects in 10 subjects. After completion of initial therapy, presurgical measurements of pocket depth, attachment level, gingival recession, gingival fluid and tooth mobility were recorded. Six months after the surgery the measurements were repeated. The use of both forms of porous hydroxylapatite resulted in reduction in pocket depth, and probeable attachment level gains as well as gingival recession and reduction of gingival fluid and tooth mobility. These changes were similar for both granular and solid forms of porous hydroxylapatite.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The use of a porous hydroxylapatite implant in periodontal defects. II. Treatment of Class II furcation lesions in lower molars.

Twenty-three human subjects with two Class II furcation involvements in lower molars were treated with initial therapy following which presurgical measurements of pocket depth, gingival recession and attachment level were made. Periodontal flaps were used to expose the furcation defects, and one defect was implanted with porous hydroxylapatite while the other served as an unimplanted control. At the time of surgery, bone defects were measured obliquely and horizontally using a specially designed device to ensure reproducible probe angulation. Six months later the presurgical measurements were repeated, and reentry surgical procedures were carried out to measure the changes in the bone defects. Areas implanted with porous hydroxylapatite showed a statistically significant reduction in pocket depth and a statistically significant improvement in attachment level and fill of bone defects when compared with control defects. There was statistically less gingival recession in the implanted areas compared with the control sites. Control sites at six months showed no significant change in pocket depth, an increased loss of attachment and worsening of the bone defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Histologic study of healing of human periodontal defects after placement of porous hydroxylapatite implants.

Two intrabony pockets on teeth that were to be extracted for prosthetic reasons, in two patients, were treated by means of papilla preservation flaps and implantation with porous hydroxylapatite. The teeth, with a portion of their periodontium, were extracted 5 and 6 months after treatment and processed histologically. Both cases showed the implants invaded by connective tissue, which was actively forming bone. There was no inflammatory reaction triggered by the implant material, although there was some recurrence of inflammation in the vicinity of the pocket wall. The junctional epithelium in both cases extended slightly beyond the coronal level of the implant. One of the cases had an abundant new cementum formation with fibrous tissue next to the implant, that appeared to be a rebuilt attachment of collagen fibers. Although some multinucleated giant cells were found in the pores and next to the newly formed bone, the implanted material did not appear to be resorbed in the period of time studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bone formation within porous hydroxylapatite implants in human periodontal defects.

Tissue samples from three subjects who had periodontal defects treated with a porous hydroxylapatite implant were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The 3-month specimen showed connective tissue infiltration through the pores and a narrow zone of bone formation present along the walls of the pores. At 4 months, continued evidence of bone deposition was present with osteocytes, osteoblasts and organization of collagen fibers apparent throughout the implant. The 6-month implant had further evidence of continued bone formation with lamellar bone being the major component within the pores.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1985

The use of a porous hydroxylapatite implant in periodontal defects. I. Clinical results after six months.

Twenty-five patients with advanced periodontal destruction were used in the study. Following initial therapy, two angular interproximal defects were selected in each patient. During flap surgery a porous hydroxylapatite implant shaped to fit the periodontal defect was placed in one defect, the other defect was used as nonimplanted control. The material used for implantation was a hydroxylapatite replicate of coral from the genus Porites, with a pore size of 190 to 220 micron. Clinical parameters were measured prior to flap surgery for each of the defects. An occlusal acrylic stent was used to give a stable reference point for pocket depth, attachment level and gingival margin height measurements. Also gingival fluid, gingival inflammation, plaque index and tooth mobility were recorded. Periapical radiographs using a standardized positioning device were also taken. At the time of surgery, the depth of the osseous defect and the height of the alveolar crest were recorded. After 6 months the clinical measurements were repeated and a re-entry surgery was carried out in 15 selected sites. Results showed that the porous implant produced statistically significant reduction in pocket depth, in the depth of osseous lesion, and a statistically significant gain in attachment level, as compared to control areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Flap technique for periodontal bone implants. Papilla preservation technique.

A new flap design for placement of implants into osseous defects has been described. The flap design can be used in anterior and posterior areas of human subjects. Photographs of representative cases are presented. Wound healing always occurred by primary intention and without evidence of immediate graft exfoliation. Interdental soft tissue craters did not develop, making it easier for patients to maintain optimal oral hygiene. This type of flap design can also be used without grafts in order to improve postoperative soft tissue contour.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of ascorbic acid levels of blood and gingival tissue with response to periodontal therapy.

The effect of ascorbic acid megadoses on gingival clinical parameters and vitamin content of blood and gingival tissue was studied. 10 nondeficient individuals, carefully matched according to age, periodontal status, and oral hygiene level, were divided into 2 groups: one received 250 mg q.i.d. of ascorbic acid and the other a placebo. After 1 week on the tablet all patients were scaled and root planed and received oral hygiene instructions. Blood samples and clinical parameters were obtained at baseline and 2, 6, and 7 weeks after. A gingival biopsy was taken at week 6. Correlations between the clinical parameters and the ascorbic acid levels at the different time periods revealed no significant differences between the vitamin and the placebo groups, therefore suggesting that the use of megadoses of vitamin C in normal human subjects does not have a predictable or strong effect on the gingival response to initial therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of gingival retraction methods.

The effects of electrosurgery, retraction cord, and the rotary gingival curettage technique were tested clinically and histologically in dogs. Postoperative periods analyzed ranged from 6 hours to 14 days. All methods induced some kind of minor damage. Recession of clinical magnitude was induced only by rotary gingival curettage. Apical migration of the junctional epithelium was not seen.

Animals↗