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E B Krammer

Publications and source records attributed to E B Krammer.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A bilateral maxillofacial trunk in man: an extraordinary anomaly of the carotid system of arteries.

In a Caucasian male, the maxillary artery (M) bilaterally arose with the facial artery anteromedially from the external carotid artery. On the right side, the M entered the infratemporal fossa between the neck of the mandible and the medial pterygoid muscle, whereas the left M pierced the medial pterygoid muscle, first being covered by the muscle and the angle of the mandible. On both sides, the M ran deep to the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the buccal nerve. The right M lay deep to the inferior alveolar, but superficial to the lingual nerve, whereas the left inferior alveolar and lingual nerves had formed two roots, thus encircling the left M. The ascending palatine artery was replaced on both sides by palatine branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery. Since a bilaterial maxillofacial trunk with topographical relations as described herein has not been previously reported in man, the embryology and comparative anatomy of this variation are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Microbiological monitoring of embalmed cadavera during dissection courses (author's transl)].

Microbiological monitoring of normal anatomical specimens was done in order to evaluate results which were obtained in a investigation of decay of embalmed cadavera. The process of decay was characterized by massive colonisation with enterobacteria and aerobic sporeformers. Under normal conditions mainly germs from skin and air are cultivated from surfaces of anatomical specimens, but only in small numbers. The number of germs is increased after periods of intensive preparative work. The results show that the main criterion for the microbiological quality of embalmed cadavera is resistency against external germs during course work. This is to be achieved by consequent preventive measures in the dissection laboratory.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of disinfectant activity of 3 different embalming fluids on cadavera for anatomical study (author's transl)].

The antimicrobial effect of 3 different embalming fluids (Phenol/Formaline, JORES 1913 TUTSCH 1975) was evaluated from the beginning of the conservation process through storage in a new system (TUTSCH et al. 1971) and the subsequent dissection course. Endogenous bacteria are significantly reduced 24 hours after injection. Later on during the storage period of at least 6 months no germs are detected in swabs from orifices whereas Staphylococcus epidermidis and aerobic sporeforming bacteria were found on the surfaces of the bodies in some cases. The formula of the disinfectant (Phenol/Formaline or Merfen according to NEUMANN 1974) in the storage system appears to be of no significance. During dissection as a rule Staphylococcus epidermidis and a few aerobic sporeformers were found on the surface of specimens, at one time Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultivated too. Swabs from the peritoneal cavity and from contents of the intestine were sterile. Investigations by broth dilution method were carried out in order to evaluate the degree of bacteriostatic activity of the various fluids in use. This method is now routinely used for control of the disinfectants in the storage system.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1978

Carotid body chemoreceptor function: hypothesis based on a new circuit model.

Integration of our own morphological observations into recent ultrastructural, biochemical, and neuropharmacological results on the carotid body led to a new hypothesis on chemoreceptor function: (i) Glomus cells with small dense-cored vesicles (type IB cells) that store norepinephrine are chemoreceptors. (ii) Glomus cells with large dense-cored vesicles (type IA), which are postsynaptic to the other glomus cell type and presynaptic to afferent nerve endings, are dopaminergic interneurons that suppress the afferent discharge frequency during normoxia by releasing dopamine. (iii) The hypoxic stimulus causes the chemoreceptive cell to release the stored norepinephrine, which in turn brings about disinhibition of the afferent nerve endings by inhibition of the interneuron. (iv) Afferent nerve endings and interneurons interact through reciprocal synapses that form a short inhibitory feedback loop. We propose that information in the carotid body is processed in a fashion graded rather than digital, providing a fine adjusted cooperation of all elements.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1975

Effect of zinc ions on structure and distribution of neurotubules (author's transl).

Being interested in factors stabilizing neurotubules (NTs) in situ, we decided to immerse short segments of fresh rat peripheral nerves in buffered solutions containing ZnCl2 in final concentrations up to 10-2 m prior to fixation with buffered osmium or glutaraldehyde, both containing ZnCl2. Zinc treatment resulted in a remarkable structural preservation of NTs after fixation with osmium, though they are not preserved by osmium fixation alone. Cross sections of myelinated nerve fibres show NTs arranged predominantly in compact groups. Within the groups NTs are surrounded or embedded in an electron dense fine granular material. The occurrence of incomplete C-shaped NTs and NT-like densities can be seen. NTs exhibit relatively constant distances and sometimes geometric patterns of arrangement. A lot of intertubule cross bridges and NTs with arms could be observed. In longitudinal section the bridge and arm spacing is seen to be periodic along the tubule axis at about 500 A. Zinc treatment of nerves fixed in glutaraldehyde resulted in the same ultrastructural alterations described above. The resistance of zinc-stabilized NTs to degradation by osmium and the ultrastructural changes induced by zinc are discussed. The results suggest that in the presence of zinc ions osmium-labile NTs are transformed--by disassembly and reassembly--to osmium-stabile microtubules that are not identical with preexisting ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Experience with the written examination (multiple choice test) in the teaching of anatomy].

All students (400 each winter-term) receive extensive information at the beginning of the course "anatomical propedeutics": a timetable with recommendations for learning, a list of instructional objectives and of terminology and an instruction for that type of test, the students never had experienced before. Feed-back is given by computer-output containing comments on the objective related to a wrong answer and indicating sub-test scores. Correlation of scores with results in the following dissection course seems to be acceptable. Questions of the multiple-choice test were compared by pairs with questions asked for in confrontation with the anatomical object. A strong coherence was found in answering correctly the multiple choice questions and the related oral exam. Over-all experience with a multiple choice test administered in Austria for the first time was rather encouraging.

Anatomy↗