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Biomedical subjects

E B Mendelson

Publications and source records attributed to E B Mendelson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

The development and meaning of appropriateness guidelines.

Practice guidelines are important for high quality and economical patient care. As gatekeepers to health care, primary care physicians should refer to imaging guidelines when treating a patient with breast disease. The American College of Radiology (ACR) has undertaken the task of publishing guidelines for breast imaging in the hopes of avoiding a plethora of competing, possibly contradictory guidelines written by groups less qualified in imaging protocol than the ACR and with the goal of minimizing the dilemmas of interpretation and patient management often present in breast imaging.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasonography.

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Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Breast imaging.

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Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Nongynecologic applications of transvaginal sonography.

Transvaginal sonography has become an invaluable technique for examining the uterus and adnexa, primarily because it provides better spatial resolution than transabdominal sonography does. This characteristic also makes it useful for evaluating the nongynecologic structures in the pelvis. As many of these structures are imaged incidentally during gynecologic transvaginal sonography, familiarity with their normal and abnormal appearances is important. With minor modifications in technique, targeted studies of these structures are easily performed. We illustrate the technique used, normal anatomy seen, and abnormalities commonly encountered in transvaginal sonography of nongynecologic pelvic structures.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1992

Transvaginal ultrasonography of pelvic neoplasms.

The recent development of the high resolution transvaginal probe has increased the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of transabdominal sonography. This article reviews the applications of transvaginal sonography with pulsed and color flow Doppler imaging to the diagnosis and management of uterine, ovarian, and metastatic pelvic neoplasms.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the postoperative breast.

With widespread use of mammography for breast cancer screening, the number of surgical procedures has also increased. Overlapping with radiographic signs of malignancy, including masses, areas of asymmetric density and architectural distortion, microcalcifications, and skin thickening, postsurgical changes may make mammographic evaluation difficult. After tumor excision and irradiation where breast alterations are more profound and prolonged, the task of distinguishing recurrent tumor from scarring or fat necrosis is even more challenging. Mammograms after breast conservation therapy for carcinoma or after cosmetic surgery require correlation with physical findings and the surgical procedures that were performed. Responses of tissue to lumpectomy and radiation, such as breast edema and skin thickening, are most pronounced 6 to 12 months after treatment, gradually resolving within 1 to 3 years. Carefully tailored mammographic studies will promote the dual goal of early detection of local tumor recurrence and avoidance of misinterpreting postoperative and irradiation changes as malignancy. Sequential examinations should begin with a postoperative preradiation mammogram for residual carcinoma, particularly when microcalcifications have been present, followed by the baseline postradiation examination at 6 months with the next study 6 months later (1 year after initial treatment). Mammograms of the treated breast may be performed at intervals of 6 months until radiographic stability has been recognized. Annual studies thereafter are suggested. The contralateral, unaffected breast should be evaluated mammographically according to screening guidelines or clinical concerns. Mammograms performed after cosmetic and reconstructive procedures should be correlated with the surgical techniques and clinical history. Modified views for silicone implants can maximize visualization of breast parenchyma. Ultrasonography is a useful complement to mammography in demonstrating the origin of a palpable mass either within the implant or the breast parenchyma. In reduction mammoplasty, distorted architecture, parenchymal bands, tissue redistribution, and fat necrosis should be recognized. After mastectomy, myocutaneous reconstruction may be performed. Masses that develop within flap reconstructions most frequently represent fat necrosis, which, when calcifying oil cysts are seen, may have a characteristic radiographic appearance.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of normal early pregnancy: correlation with HCG level.

Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is the procedure of choice in evaluating the viability of embryos early in pregnancy. However, viability based on TVS can be assessed more accurately when the exact gestational age from the last menstrual period is known or when the findings are correlated with beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels. No large series has been reported with correlative data between early pregnancy findings, HCG, and gestational age. We performed 75 transvaginal examinations in 53 patients with proved normal pregnancy in the fifth through seventh weeks of gestation. The presence and size of the gestational sac, presence of a yolk sac, and identification of embryonic heart activity were correlated with the level of HCG. Sac size was correlated with yolk sac and heart activity and the three parameters correlated with gestational age in days. When the level of HCG reached 1000 mIU/ml by using the first International Reference Preparation, a gestational sac was seen sonographically in each patient. When the HCG level reached 7200 mIU/ml, a yolk sac was seen in every patient. Ten of 22 patients with HCG between 1000 and 7200 mIU/ml had a visible yolk sac. Every patient with an HCG level greater than 10,800 mIU/ml had a visible embryo with a heartbeat. A discriminatory level of 32 days was found for the presence of a gestational sac. A yolk sac was first seen in every patient between 36 and 40 days. Every patient with accurate dates greater than 40 days had an embryo with a heartbeat identified. When correlating sac size with structures within the sac, a yolk sac was first seen in a gestational sac between 6 and 9 mm and a heartbeat seen in every patient with a 9-mm or greater gestational sac diameter. These data allow identification of normal intrauterine pregnancy and distinction of normal from ectopic gestation at least 1 week earlier than is possible with transabdominal techniques.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1989

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma: mammographic patterns with pathologic correlation.

Of the five identified radiographic patterns of ILC, the most common was a poorly defined asymmetric density with architectural distortion. Areas of ILC frequently are of low density, not much greater than that of the surrounding parenchyma. The mammographic appearance may reflect the behavior of ILC tumor cells, which travel in linear array ("single file") along and around the arborizing ducts that serve as scaffolding for these small, malignant cells that permeate the parenchyma without a central nidus. This feature of ILC may also help explain why tumors may be palpable as areas of vague induration or thickening rather than as discrete masses. When tumors are hidden in dense breast tissue (pattern 3) and not well imaged by mammography or when there are subtle mammographic changes (pattern 1), sonography may help confirm the presence of a solid mass. Most of the suspected tumors imaged by sonography were palpable as discrete masses or areas of induration.

Adult↗