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Biomedical subjects

E B Rappaport

Publications and source records attributed to E B Rappaport.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in growth hormone-deficient patients.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), a potentially disabling hip disorder, occurs primarily during the pubertal growth spurt. It has been reported in association with pituitary gigantism, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and panhypopituitarism. We estimated the frequency of SCFE among children with growth hormone deficiency (treated or untreated) and compared it with the reported frequency of SCFE among Connecticut residents under 25 years of age. Based on this comparison, the risk of developing SCFE is significantly greater in growth hormone-deficient children than in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of salt-losing among congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients.

Among clinic patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) the observed frequency of salt-losing has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Comparing estimates from various clinics, older estimates of the frequency of salt-losing are lower than estimates cited in more recent literature. Within the patient population of a single long-established clinic, an increase in the frequency of salt-losing can also be observed. It is likely that the increase in the frequency of salt-losing CAH reflects improved case finding and survival of salt-losing patients. Based on reports of recent populations of CAH patients, the frequency of salt-losing among CAH patients is approximately 66%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Initiation, duration and dissipation of diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity in the rat.

Previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that 48 hr of fasting suppresses and 72 hr of sucrose feeding (a model of voluntary overfeeding) stimulates sympathetic nervous system activity in rats. The experiments described here were undertaken to establish whether these diet-induced change in sympathetic activity occur in the early phases of a fast and whether they persist beyond a 3 day period of overfeeding. The results indicate that changes in cardiac norepinephrine turnover can be detected during the first 24 hr of fasting or overfeeding, and that the increase in cardiac norepinephrine turnover induced by sucrose overfeeding is sustained over 8 days of sucrose administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the cardiac sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla in the rat: further evidence for a dissociation of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullary responses.

In rats and mice, fasting suppresses and sucrose overfeeding stimulates sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Fasting hypoglycemia in rats suppresses SNS activity while stimulating adrenal medullary catecholamine release. Administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of intracellular glucose metabolism, also stimulates the adrenal medulla. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine the SNS response to chronic 2-DG administration and to test the hypothesis that diet-induced changes in SNS activity are related to central nervous system glucose metabolism. Ingestion of 2-DG caused an increase in urinary epinephrine excretion and significant depletion of adrenal epinephrine content, both indices of adrenal medullary stimulation. Chronic sc injections of 2-DG in animals with normal or increased food consumption caused simultaneous suppression of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, as evidenced by diminished cardiac [3H]norepinephrine turnover, and stimulation of adrenal medullary epinephrine release. Parenteral 2-DG administration to adrenalectomized rats also caused suppression of cardiac sympathetic activity. Thus, this response to neuroglycopenia is independent of adrenal medullary catecholamine release. These results indicate that central nervous system glucose metabolism may mediate diet-induced changes in SNS activity.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1981

Impact of age on basal and diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity of Fischer rats.

Studies were performed to assess the effect of age on basal sympathetic nervous system activity and on diet-induced changes in sympathetic activity. The rate of norepinephrine turnover in various tissues was measured as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity. In ad lib fed male Fischer 344 rats aged 3 to 24 months, there were no age-related differences in norepinephrine turnover in heart, liver, kidney or pancreas. Throughout the same age range, norepinephrine turnover was greater in organs of sucrose fed than in organs of fasted animals. Diet-induced changes in sympathetic activity thus persist throughout the age range studied.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Urine C-peptide, beta-cell function, and insulin requirement.

Urinary C-peptide excretion was investigated as a method for monitoring beta-cell function in diabetic patients and for studying the contribution of endogenous insulin production to diabetic control. Control subjects had variations in serum and urine C-peptide immunoreactivity that correlated with basal and meal-related insulin secretion. In a group of well-controlled juvenile diabetic patients, those receiving high doses of insulin had low or negligible C-peptide excretion, whereas most patients with low exogenous insulin requirements had near-normal urinary C-peptide excretion. Patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis had recovery of beta-cell function as measured by C-peptide immunoreactivity in serial urine specimens. Thus, measurement of urinary C-peptide excretion is a simple technique that may be useful in assessing endogenous insulin production in juvenile diabetic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

High plasma norepinephrine concentrations at birth in infants of diabetic mothers.

Analysis of plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in umbilical artery and vein from infants of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers revealed high plasma NE values in those of diabetic mothers. While birth weight and arterial plasma NE did not correlate in infants of nondiabetic mothers (r = 0.07, NS), birth weight and plasma NE were related inversely in infants of diabetic mothers (r = -0.73, P less than 0.05).

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

Solitary maxillary central incisor and short stature.

Seven patients, three males and four females, each with a single (unpaired) deciduous and permanent maxillary central incisor, were studied. All the males and two the female children were growth hormone deficient. One adult woman and a female infant with a single maxillary central incisor were short in stature but had normal growth hormone responses. No other dental anomalies or pituitary-hypothalamic dysfunctions were found. The dental anomaly was not familial. No eye abnormalitis were present in the patients or their families.

Adult↗