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Biomedical subjects

E B Skriver

Publications and source records attributed to E B Skriver.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[CT scanning in the diagnosis of internal carotid artery dissection].

Dissection of the internal carotid artery is becoming more frequently recognized as a cause of neurological deficits or stoke in younger adults. A dissection is diagnosed in relation to minor often primarily unrecognized trauma to the neck and the typical clinical features seen with dissection are headache, Horner's syndrome and symptoms of focal brain ischaemia. Treatment, i.e. anti-coagulant therapy, is initiated to avoid thrombosis or recurrent embolism from the damaged arterial wall. The prognosis is generally good. The diagnosis of carotid dissection can be confirmed with ultrasound-duplex-scanning, conventional angiography or magnetic resonance imaging/angiography. In this paper two cases are reported in which computed tomography (CT-scanning) with intravenous contrast enhancement has been a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical value of SPECT scanning in children with neurological disorders].

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical value of Tc-99-HMPAO brain single photon emission tomography (SPECT) in 21 children with neurological disorders of varied aetiology. All 21 patients were examined with electroencephalograms (EEGs), 17 with computed tomography (CT) and ten with magnetic resonance imaging (MR). New relevant information was obtained from SPECT in all 21 cases and in four of these cases the investigation directly led to a change in diagnosis and better assessment of the prognosis. It is concluded that SPECT is an important investigational method in children with neurological symptoms of partly or completely unknown aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[CT of primary cerebral lymphoma in non-immunosuppressed patients].

In the last 10-15 years primary lymphoma of the brain has tripled in frequency in the non-immunosuppressed population. The correct diagnosis by CT-examination is difficult as primary lymphoma imitates different pathological conditions. Five examples from a series of 13 patients are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Does nimodipine influence sex difference in outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Before nimodipine was introduced as a standard treatment in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) females had a significantly poorer outcome which might be due to a higher frequency of delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). We evaluated the overall outcome with regard to gender in 188 consecutive patients with a verified ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with nimodipine. The only significant differences concerning prognostic factors between the sexes were a higher frequency of SAH at the primary CT in female (p < 0.05) and a higher frequency of middle cerebral artery aneurysms in females (p < 0.01). These factors affect the outcome in females unfavourably. However, contrary to previous studies, we found no difference in overall outcome after three months between the sexes in this clinical material. Our observation can be explained by a positive effect of nimodipine on DCI.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Iatrogenic rhinolithiasis?].

A case of rhinolithiasis in a young man is presented. The radiological (CT-scan) and clinical findings of a rhinolith may be similar to other benign or malignant nasal lesion such as inverted papilloma. This similarity and the possibility that a rhinolith may have iatrogen origin is presented in this article.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

CT demonstration of prostatic zonal anatomy during dynamic contrast infusion.

CT of the pelvis was made after i.v. administration of 100 ml Omnipaque (300 mg I/ml) in 8 patients. The 1st series postcontrast was obtained dynamically and the 2nd 5 to 15 min after injection. Postcontrast enhancement of the prostate was shown in all patients. Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT was better than delayed postcontrast CT in showing the zonal anatomy in 6 patients. The method might be useful in patients where transrectal ultrasound is not applicable and when MR is not available.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Cerebral toxoplasmosis primarily diagnosed as a tumor].

Three cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis as the presenting manifestation of AIDS are reported. The initial diagnoses were brain tumors because of the cerebral mass lesions which resembled glioblastoma. In the light of the increasing occurrence of AIDS, attention is drawn to cerebral toxoplasmosis as a differential diagnosis from glioblastoma multiforme.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of precontrast, postcontrast, and delayed CT scanning for the staging of rectal carcinoma.

An attempt is made to establish the most appropriate examination procedure for staging rectal carcinoma by computed tomography (CT). Twenty-two patients with rectal carcinoma had CT performed preoperatively. The following three CT sequences were performed in all patients: a precontrast scan with 10-mm slices; a rapid sequence scan with 5-mm slices during bolus injection of contrast medium; and a postcontrast scan after a 10-min delay. Tumor extension and the presence of perirectal lymph nodes were evaluated separately and independently in all three CT sequences according to the TNM classification. All patients had surgical follow-up and the CT scans were compared to the surgical and histopathological findings. There was no significant difference in diagnostic outcome in the three CT procedures. Information obtained by frontal and lateral scout views were compared, and the lateral scout view proved more informative than the frontal scout view. For staging rectal carcinoma, narrow slice scanning and intravenous contrast media are superfluous and should be reserved for special cases. We recommend the use of lateral scout views.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Radiologic manifestations of focal cerebral hyperemia in acute stroke.

In 16 acute stroke patients with focal cerebral hyperemia angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were studied 1 to 4 days post stroke. CT was performed twice with and without contrast enhancement 3 +/- 1 days and 16 +/- 4 days post stroke. Angiographic evidence of focal cerebral hyperemia was seen in 8 patients in the form of early filling veins. In 5 of these the hyperemic areas were located within infarcted areas and in 3 patients in areas which appeared normal on CT. In the remaining 8 patients the hyperemias were located perifocally around ischemic infarcts. Early filling veins were not seen in this type of hyperemia. The blood flow was higher and the transit time of the contrast medium was faster in the former type of hyperemia probably because of arteriovenous shunting. Contrast enhancement was not observed on the early CT but was typically seen in the infarcts on the late CT at a time when the hyperemic state is known to have vanished. It is concluded that focal cerebral hyperemia is not responsible for contrast enhancement on CT.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Mass effect and atrophy after stroke.

Cerebral edema, resolution of edema, and subsequent development of cerebral atrophy were studied prospectively in 83 patients with ischemic stroke with CT 3 days, 2 weeks, and 6 months post-stroke. Nineteen patients had large (diameter greater than 3 cm), 25 medium sized (diameter greater than or equal to 1.5 less than or equal to 3 cm), and 15 lacunar infarcts (diameter less than 1.5 cm). In 24 patients no infarcts were seen. Changes of Evans' ratio (ER), septum-caudate distance (S/C), and width of widest cortical sulci (SuW) were taken as markers of mass effect/atrophy. These parameters were within normal limits in most cases. However, when all CT scans performed in each patient were compared, changes of ER, S/C, and SuW became apparent as evidence of mass effect and subsequent atrophy development. Mass effect occurred in 81 percent and atrophy in 58 percent of patients with large infarcts. In patients with medium sized infarcts, mass effect occurred in 38 percent and atrophy in 45 percent.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Percutaneous introduction of double-J ureteral stents.

Insertion of percutaneous indwelling ureteral stents was performed or attempted in 10 patients with ureteral obstruction or postoperative urinary extravasation. All patients had previously sustained an unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde attempt. The percutaneous double-J stent was inserted anatomically correctly in 8 (73%) cases and was functionally successful in 7 (64%). No significant complications occurred. As the percutaneous indwelling ureteral stent offers many advantages, i.e. little discomfort to the patient and none or insignificant complications, we want to advocate for the use of this method whenever the endoscopic technique fails.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Edema and atrophy following cerebral stroke. A prospective and consecutive study.

Ninety-six consecutive stroke patients were examined by sequential CT scans. Edema in the acute/subacute state and atrophy in the chronic state were evaluated by measuring a frontal horn index, septum-caudate distance and width of cortical sulci. In the acute state the degree of edema increased with increasing size of the infarct. Cerebral swelling was more marked and persisted for a longer period in patients having intracerebral hematomas than in patients with ischemic infarcts. Surprisingly, edema was present in the unaffected hemisphere as well. Development of atrophy was seen in the affected hemisphere in patients having large infarcts and intracerebral hematomas. Atrophy did not develop in the unaffected hemisphere.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1983

Brain scintigraphy with Tc99-pertechnetate in the evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular lesions. The diagnostic value related to age of the lesion and to the size, type and localisation revealed by CT-scan.

Brain scintigraphy with Tc99-pertechnetate (Tc99-scan) was performed 4 times in 95 consecutive stroke patients: on average 5 days, 18 days, 103 days and 194 days after the stroke. The type (infarct, hematoma), size and localisation of the lesion was evaluated by CT-scan performed 3 times in all: on average 3 days, 18 days and 207 days after the stroke. The detection rate of Tc99-scan was 31% on day 5, 47% on day 18, 18% on day 103 and 9% on day 194. The detection rate was however highly dependent upon: (i) the localisation of the lesion, i.e. superficially localised lesions were nearly always identified (90%) while infarcts localised deep in the hemisphere were identified in only 20% of the patients; (ii) the size of the lesion, i.e. large deep infarcts were seen with a much higher frequency than small deep infarcts. The detection rate of the CT-scan was practically not dependent upon the time of investigation: 63% on day 3, 70% on day 18, 69% on day 207. The detection rate of the Tc99-scan and CT-scan was nearly identical for large superficially localised lesions 2-3 weeks after the stroke. In this period, however, CT-scan identified 30 deep infarcts. Only 12 of these were identified by Tc99-scan.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Contrast enhancement of cerebral infarcts. Incidence and clinical value in different states of cerebral infarction.

Information obtained from CT scan after contrast administration was evaluated in 59 consecutive stroke patients. CT scans before and after contrast administration were performed 3 days and 2 1/2 weeks after stroke. A plain CT scan was repeated 6 months later. Contrast enhancement was practically not seen on the first examination, but was seen in 46% on the second examination. There was a close relationship between the occurrence of contrast enhancement and the socalled "fogging effect". Contrast scanning gave additional information only when this effect was present. Plain CT scans 3 days after stroke were superior to contrast scans taken at any time for detecting and visualizing cerebral infarcts.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Transient disappearance of cerebral infarcts on CT scan, the so-called fogging effect.

The fogging effect, whereby initially hypodense infarcts become isodense during the second and third week after the onset of stroke, was investigated in a prospective and consecutive series comprising 50 cases with completed stroke. CT scans were performed approximately 3 days, 10 days and 6 months after stroke. The fogging effect was found in 54% of cases. The hypodense areas reappeared on all scans at 5 months. Cerebral infarcts therefore may be overlooked or grossly underestimated if the scan is performed during the second and third week after stroke.

Aged↗